摘要:

The paper presents a basic analysis of price spread data for beef, lamb and pork over the period 1978 to 1987. The results are reviewed in the light of existing margin theory in order to assess how far the characteristics of price and margin behaviour today differ from those highlighted in earlier work. It is concluded that while short run behaviour is well explained, further research is required if we are to fully understand the factors influencing the longer term development of margins in the meat sector.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01093.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of nitrogen limitation policies on the UK fertiliser market are considered. Using a simulation model which incorporates some structural aspects of the UK fertiliser industry, the extent and distribution of the welfare effects of nitrogen tax and quota policies are estimated. The results show that, while farmers lose from both policies, the main fertiliser manufacturers may gain in the short run from a quota policy, while profits would be reduced with a nitrogen tax policy.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01094.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article analyses determinants of agricultural price protection for one important food, wheat, in a pooled cross‐country and time‐series analysis. For the aggregate sample it is shown that wheat price protection increases with a rising level of economic development and with a growing import dependence in wheat. Beyond this general pattern, the paper shows that the variation in wheat price protection can be significantly better explained if qualitative variables are introduced additionally into the model. For example, in Japan, in the Northern European countries and during the commodity price boom (1973–75), wheat price protection followed a specific pattern. Income elasticities and import‐dependence elasticities of wheat price protection are computed for all countries in 1968–80, and additionally for various sub‐regions and

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01095.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper measures farm‐specific technical efficiencies of rice farms in Central Luzon, the Philippines, at discrete points in time. Stochastic frontier production functions are estimated from the International Rice Research Institute's Loop Survey for the years 1970, 1974, 1979 and 1982. From the results, a measure of relative technical efficiency is calculated for each farm for each year. The four distributions of technical efficiencies are examined. Results show that technical inefficiency is the major reason for deviation from the frontier production function. All four samples show a large range of inefficiency but in general efficiency has improved, particularly between 1979 and 198

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01096.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper provides an analysis of food demand in Greece using the Almost Ideal Demand System and annual food expenditure data for the period 1950–1986. The focus is on the estimation of a complete matrix of price and income elasticities for the various food commodity groups for Greece. The empirical analysis points to the dominant position that meat and other livestock products have acquired in the diet of Greek consumers during a period of high income growth and rising living standards. Further increase in meat and milk demand is expected to take place as long as incomes keep risin

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01097.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To derive policy‐relevant information, the translog form of a separable restricted profit function was used to model empirically estate tea production in Sri Lanka. Data consisted of 87 observations of prices and quantities for various inputs and outputs from 54 different Sri Lankan tea estates. In different tests, the estimated model respected generally the properties implied by underlying assumptions. Results indicated increasing economies of scale in the factory across the sample and optimal field size to be between 300 and 400 hectares. Amongst estimated short‐term elasticities, the supply elasticity of made tea was found to be +0

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01098.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A beef simulation model was used to examine a range of production possibilities for increasing the output of extensive ranching systems in the tropical savannas of eastern Colombia through the use of sown grass‐legume pastures of higher inherent digestibility than that of the native species. Generalised stochastic dominance was used to compare some promising alternatives with the unimproved savanna‐based production system and with each other. As the planning horizon of the decision maker was reduced, so variability, measured as the coefficient of variation of output, increased significantly. The impact of risk on the long‐term acceptability of a complete investment was li

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01099.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Finding ration sequences which result in maximum profit per day from fattening batches of livestock over successive weight intervals has posed difficulties in earlier studies. Fractional and dynamic programming are considered as solution methods and illustrated for a problem previously solved by total enumeration. Other problems are discussed which would be best solved by a combination of the two methods. A novel proposal is made for using the two methods to maximise the present value of returns from sequencing weight gains over infinite production cycles.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01100.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper provides new evidence on income and price elasticities of demand and supply of agricultural exports from developing countries, on the basis of (a) a consistent and fully specified supply and demand model, and (b) statistical estimation procedures not frequently used in the estimation of agricultural export functions. Estimates of price and income elasticities of demand for aggregate agricultural exports for all developing countries taken together — as distinct from individual exporting countries — are found to be low; moreover, export price as distinguished from non‐price factors plays a relatively insignificant role in increasing export supply. Hence, an attempt by all developing countries to expand traditional agricultural exports with low price elasticity of demand may not yield rising earnings for all; but in fact may result in falling export revenues. Insofar as individual exports of all developing countries (not individual countries) are concerned, income and price elasticities of demand for such tropical commodities as tea, coffee, cocoa and bananas are also found to be low, except for new, non‐traditional exports like pineapples. This indicates the importance of diversification of agricultural exports as a vehicle for their future

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01101.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper investigates empirically the impact of inflation on the terms of trade, prices received and paid, for Greek farmers in the period 1967–87. According to conventional theory, inflation can have a non‐neutral effect if it is unanticipated and if prices received and paid by farmers exhibit different degrees of flexibility. However, in the case where prices are administered, inflation neutrality depends on government's policy objectives and ability to adjust prices of inputs and outputs to the rate of inflation. The empirical investigation undertaken in this study shows that pricing policies implemented by the Greek government have resulted in neutralising the impact of inflation on the terms of trade for Greek farmers. Furthermore, the observed significant variability of the terms of trade can be attributed solely to real demand and supply fact

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01102.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY