摘要:

In this paper a number of wide‐ranging matters, which provide the background to much of the work of agricultural economists, are surveyed. Apart from their interest to the profession they are also issues attracting widespread public comment. The purpose of this paper, however, is not to add to that comment, but rather to stimulate more detailed analyses and balanced discussion of them. In this way the hope is that a fuller appreciation of the difficulties and the consequences that alternative approaches might involve will emerg

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1983.tb01002.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

From recent projection studies it can be concluded that future dairy exports by the EEC to the Less Developed Countries (LDCs) will increase. The self‐sufficiency ratio for dairy products in the EEC will increase because of strong, technologically induced, growth of production potential. On the one hand, surplus production in the EEC will be difficult to curtail as the unfavourable conditions of the general economy will impede outmigration of inputs. Import demand, on the other hand, is projected to increase as many populations will be moving into stages of higher growth of income. Thus, input restrictions of agriculture in industrialised countries may be unnecessary. In this paper some agricultural economic aspects of the implied trade relationships are discussed. It is concluded that LDCs are not likely to benefit from gains of trade as predicted by theory of free trade and international specialisation. From projections by model studies, however, no consensus emerged. Projection and model studies seem hardly suited to provide insight in the effects of international trade under conditions of imperfect competitio

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1983.tb01003.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The existence of problems which are peculiar to agricultural subsectors explains the presence of organisations associated with individual commodities or commodity groups. Modern developments in information systems can contribute to meeting organisations' information requirements, but it is necessary to design systems consistent with both the principles and techniques of economic analysis and the general methodology. Following the definition of a subsector, a review of the principles for information systems and the relevant economic concepts shows the formal equivalence of many basic ideas. Despite reservations which have been expressed about the current potential for quantitative techniques, an input/output approach could have an important role as a flexible component of subsector information systems.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1983.tb01004.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper reviews some advertising decision models that are appropriate for food producers and processors. The returns from advertising to farmers, the trade, and government are examined for the examples of liquid milk, cream and English butter. The analysis demonstrates that any conclusions will be sensitive to different assumptions about key parameters in the theoretical framework used. More generally, prescriptive work in this area may be overly dependent on the use of elasticities and it may be better to develop a model which utilises the response of sales to advertising directly.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1983.tb01005.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Superimposed on, or underlying, the technical aspects of giving farm management advice are a variety of human considerations. The techniques used and the advice given cannot be divorced from the individuals involved and the way in which advice is communicated. Management advice will be sought for a variety of reasons and from a variety of sources. It will have its own special problems, stemming from the nature of the subject itself, and will generate its own longer term benefits. Differing advisory styles exist but it is possible to suggest some general guidelines and conclusions.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1983.tb01006.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper examines the role of the farm management adviser viz‐à‐viz the agricultural industry at large and considers the challenge to the ‘whole farm’ approach arising from the increasing demand for highly specialised technical information an

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1983.tb01007.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper looks at the special characteristics of the fishing industry which distinguish it from the rest of the ‘agricultural’ sector and which have made its organisation at E.E.C. level both politically and economically difficult. It examines the reasons for the moves behind the creation of a common fisheries policy, the difficulties which the Community of nine (and subsequently ten) countries had in adapting to rules worked out previously by the Six, the subsequent protracted negotiations and the eventual achievement of the new policy which was agreed in January, 1983. The details of the new Common Fisheries Policy are then outlined with possible future problems in the implementation of the policy as well as the opportunities it provides described by way of conclus

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1983.tb01008.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There were remarkable and sustained increases in agricultural and food production in the developing countries over the last three decades. But the fruits of this progress were not shared by all, and many remain in poverty. Some believe this due to the unequal distribution of benefits and accordingly claim that an agricultural strategy which focuses on reducing disparities of income, assets and access is the most important objective for agricultural development. This approach is justified by claims of wide and increasing disparities of income in the agricultural sectors of LDCs. This paper looks at the evidence for such claims and finds that they cannot be supported by hard evidence. Indeed, the few valid studies of agricultural income distribution show modest disparities. Accordingly, redistribution strategies, especially those aimed at uni‐modal farm sectors, are rejected as unnecessary, undesirable and unachievable (without destroying the main spring of agricultural progress). On the contrary, it is urged that growth in productivity, output and incomes should be the dominant development objective to encourage, as many examples show, the enterprise, ability and energy of small farmers and their families. Such a strategy produces a degree of unequal distribution of benefits which reflects the distribution of personal qualities and endowments and acts as an incentive to their exercise. To keep disparities within bounds, agricultural policies relating to pricing, extension, credit, research and so on should aim at widening the number of small farmer beneficiaries of agricultural developmen

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1983.tb01009.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The paper considers developments over the past decade in the major elements that make up the UK food chain beyond the farm gate, looking at food consumption and the characteristics of food demand, the aggregate marketing margin, and providing a more detailed exploration of the present structure of food manufacturing and distribution. Following an account of the rapid rate of structural change in food retailing and wholesaling, developments in the relationships between distributors and manufacturers are discussed with comments on competition legislation.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1983.tb01010.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The paper discusses the nature of international price variability for wheat and coarse grains. In particular, it explores the relationship between variability in national grain markets and international trade. Empirical evidence is presented on the degree to which short‐run fluctuations in domestic grain production are transmitted to the world market by major countries or country aggregates, and on their absorption of international market variability. The impact of possible structural or policy changes upon future international price variability is explored. It is argued that multilateral action to promote greater international stability should focus on the modification of domestic storage policies to reduce the transmission of short‐run domestic fluctuations in supply or demand to world mark

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1983.tb01011.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY