摘要:

This article considers two basic questions:‐1How successful have Swedish structural policies been?2What light does this shed on the structural policies now The argument is developed in five stages. First the development of structural policies recently operating in Sweden is reviewed and those being introduced in this country are described.Second, the extent to which structural change can be measured from aggregate data is discussed in general terms and the available data on structural trends in Sweden and the U.K. is reviewed.Thirdly, other forces which affect structural development in Sweden are discussed.Fourth, conclusions as to the past effect of policies on structural change in Sweden are summarised.Finally, some possible results of U.K. structural policies are indicate

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1968.tb01338.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper presents the results of a classification of farming undertaken for the four counties of North Wales.† Essentially a type‐of‐farming classification results in the subdivision of a large area into regions within which a relatively homogeneous association of factors influence the prevailing types of agriculture. Ideally, a type‐of‐farming area would consist of all that territory within which the choice of products and the possible combinations of factors tend to be similar. The nature of any classification will depend, however, on the main purpose for which it is made. In the present study this was to group parishes according to the type of agricultural activity occurring within them. A further objective was to map the location of the different farming types and thereby to define the predominant type‐of‐farming areas in North Wales. Among other uses of this classification is an attempt to calculate the contribution to production of each type of farmin

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1968.tb01339.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Government aims to reduce the number of farmers in this country by encouraging some existing operators to retire. This paper explores an alternative possibility, namely, that of influencing potential new entrants, the majority of whom are farmers' sons. For a number of reasons, sons of existing farmers may find it easier, on leaving school, to stay in agricirlture than to enter other occupations. Later realisation by many of them of the economic prospects and subsequent moves to other jobs represent a waste of human resources to the whole economy as well as causing social hardship to the individual. A recent survey of the occupational choice process of rural schoolboys and students aimed to discover the obstacles, if any, to greater outward mobility. Farmers' sons were compared with others in respect of educational and occupational aspirations, alternative jobs considered, sources of career advice and work values. Some ways are suggested whereby sons whose fathers have farms which are too small to provide a living might be made aware of their own prospects in farming, the range of opportunities open to them and the satisfactions to be gained in other occupations before they commit themselves to an unrewarding strirggle in farming.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1968.tb01340.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Decisions of governments around the world concerning their agriculturul sectors have taken on increasingly an international dimension. The United Kingdom with its unique economic character has shared historically a mutual concern with major agricultural countries about their policies.This study analyses recent developments in U.S. agricultural price and income policy and programmes. Though some version of these policies has prevailed in the U.S. for almost forty years, distinct redirections have appeared in the current decade following a major policy crisis in the late 1950's. The new voluntary land retirement and compensatory payment approach is characterised, its economic rationale examined, and some of its probable economic consequences are measured. There has been a shift away from a high price support and from attempts at a compulsory production control programme. Many of the problems have been eliminated or mitigated, but both remaining and newly created difficulties still plague the policy scene.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1968.tb01341.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The result of an attempt to reconcile practical experience with theoretical production economics, is the development of the view that a more dynamic approach to farm planning may better be achieved by a concentration on data production, rather than on data manipulation. This view is based on the belief that, in practice, the farmer finds himself involved with choice from a relatively narrow, and obvious, set of technically feasible, efficient farm plans. His main problem in the choice of a farm plan is seen as the estimation of the probability that the various possible financial outcomes will be achieved, since the possible effects of the latter on his future list of choices cannot be ignored. The type of data believed to be needed is described, and a line of theoretical analysis followed which is meant to underline the importance of this data, and to develop principles for use in its production.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1968.tb01342.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Linear programming has been used extensively as a procedure for formulating least‐cost livestock rations. More recently attention has heen focused on the incorporation of information on animal performance into the linear programming derivation of optimum livestock rations. Where the production is a quadratic function of nutrient inputs and where there are a large number of possible ration ingredients, parametric quadratic programming is shown to be an efficient computational technique for the derivation of “expansion path” rations. The region of economic interest along the expansion path is identified for the liveweight gain interval described by the production function. The rise of information contained in programming solutions to evaluate the economic significance of nutrient requirements and to aid in the search for possible ration ingredients is briefly disc

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1968.tb01343.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper demonstrates a procedure for determining economically optimal rations which avoids problems that arise in conventional analysis of experimental results. It consists of maximising a suitably constrained profit per unit time objective function, itself formed from functions obtained from pig fattening experiments under special Australian conditions. The relevant functions‐for consumption of milk and wheat, time to slaughter and percentage lean meatare first demonstrated, followed by a brief discussion of results obtained. Specifcally, it is noted that optimal diets differ according to whether the criterion adopted is profit per pig or profit per pig per week, that dairy farmers fattening pigs should feed substantial quantities of grain, and that the optimal diets are very stable to changing prices. More generally, the procedure avoids the statistical difficulties of conventional analysis of experiments arising from the estimation of weight‐gain functions based on actual quantities of food consu

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1968.tb01344.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1968.tb01345.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Economic Change and Agriculture.An Agricultural Adjustment Unit Symposium.Agriculture in the Australian Economy.Commons and Village Greens.–a study in land use, conservation and management based on a national survey of commons in England and Wales 1961–1966, financed by the Nuffield Foundation.Co‐operation, Land Reform and Land Settlement–Report on a survey in Kenya, Uganda, Sudan, Ghana, Nigeria and Iran.Glimpses of Co‐operative Farming in India.Obstacles to Develooment.Agricultural Development and Economic Growth.Economic Aspects of Low Labour‐Income Farming.Smallholder Farming and Smallholder Development in Tanzania.The Food Problem of Developing Countries.Linear Programming and Anima

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1968.tb01346.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1968.tb01347.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY