摘要:

This paper explores the methodology of sectoral productivity growth measurement within the framework of input‐output analysis. A method which ensures that sectoral productivity growth rates are consistent with productivity growth rates for the economy as a whole (as well as allowing for external trade) is suggested. New estimates are presented on total factor productivity in UK agriculture using a Tornqvist index procedure. In addition, new estimates of agricultural labour productivity growth are presented, taking account not only of labour employed in agriculture but also of labour employed in ancillary industries on the supply side. The empirical results confirm that part of the labour previously employed on farms has shifted “upstream” to industries providing agriculture with fertilises, machinery and other i

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1986.tb01584.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A general framework is described whereby, using production functions, the rate of return on additional agricultural R&D can be calculated. This enables existing procedures to be critically reviewed. Illustrative results are given which indicate that the rates of return found in previous studies tend to be overestimates. It is also pointed out that these studies usually refer to well in the past, when the level of the agricultural research investment was generally lower and rates of return consequently larger than might now be expected. It is, however, concluded that the production‐function approach needs extension and refinement, and better values of key parameters determined, before it could be used quantitatively as a determinant of research polic

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1986.tb01585.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Traditional macroeconomic approaches to the employment problem are insufficient at the stage of development reached in the industrially advanced capitalist economies, and employment policy has to encompass a much wider range of incentives, public expenditure criteria, and investment decisions affecting all sectors of the economy. Implications for the agricultural sector are discussed. Employment and labour use are seen as inter‐related with other aspects of agricultural policy, including those concerned with agronomic and ecological problems. Performance criteria often adopted in evaluating agricultural change are called into question, and a reappraisal of cost concepts is found to raise some fundamental issues faced by industrially advanced societie

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1986.tb01586.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Increased inflation has the effect of increasing nominal interest rates which in turn cause problems in servicing debts in the form of conventional loans. Price‐level‐adjusted mortgages (PLAMs) have been recommended as a means of avoiding debt servicing difficulties associated with inflation. Bank overdrafts can act as effective substitutes for PLAMs and have some tax advantages. Leasing also provides an alternative way of avoiding cash flow problems associated with conventional term loans. Experience in the 1970s demonstrated that the provision of external finance to agriculture was maintained during a period of inflation although the balance of borrowing shifted from term loans to overdra

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1986.tb01587.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The recent report of the official Review Committee recommended that the Eggs Authority be dissolved after fourteen years in operation. This paper gives a critical appraisal of the functioning and role of the Authority.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1986.tb01588.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The conventional econometric treatment of the possible dynamic relationship between two variables such as sales and advertising involves ad hoc assumptions concerning causality and lag structure. This paper focuses attention on a technique which tries to detect an empirical relationship between the advertising and sales of liquid milk. Our conclusions suggest that, at least in the market examined, the effectiveness of advertising in increasing sales appears to be limited.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1986.tb01589.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Scottish inshore fishery is used to illustrate the application of a multiobjective analytical model to decision‐making for fisheries management. Although the quantitative analysis is necessarily fishery‐specific, much of the discussion is of more general applicability. A hybrid modelling approach is used to analyse fisheries management objectives for this fishery: regression‐based models of the fishing process are used to provide input into linear and goal programming models, the linear programme also providing input into the goal programme. Optimisation of the goal programming model results in an ‘optimal’ pattern of resource allocation for the Scottish inshor

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1986.tb01590.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of the paper is to forecast the behaviour of the EEC‐9 beef and veal sector‐particularly exports‐starting from a quarterly econometric model explaining past developments of the principal macro‐economic variables from 1976 to 1982 inclusive. Attention is focused on production as its evolution has been and is considered to continue to be the most important factor influencing the development of the EEC‐9 external trade of beef and veal. The paper presents firstly a theoretical approach as a basis for formulating the econometric model. Then, the parameters of the structural model are estimated for forecasting purposes; conclusio

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1986.tb01591.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An analysis of data from Bureau of Agricultural Economics surveys established that farms that left the dairy industry in the 1970s were generally smaller than average, less profitable, and more likely to be those from which cream was still being delivered in cans. In addition, it was found that the probability of exit seemed to be little affected by movements in the relative prices of dairy products and beef. Predictive models which should prove useful in estimating future rates of exit from dairying were derived. Use of one of the models on 1979–80 data suggests the exit rate from the industry should be easin

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1986.tb01592.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The paper argues that maximum sustainable yields rather than net present values often need to be considered for policy and identifies the length of the replacement cycle required for maximum sustainable yield or supply in multi‐point or interval output time‐phased production conditions, such as apply to perennial crops and to similar productive processes. It enables point‐input point‐output models which have been well explored (for instance, for forestry) to be treated as special cases. A virtue of the analysis is its use of a simple technical relationship to determine the replacement rate of a perennial crop to maximise sustainable yield. The analysis is illustrated by an empirical example drawn for the cultivation of the Sri Lankan ‘tall’ variety

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1986.tb01593.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY