ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00390.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Uruguay Round of trade negotiations has attracted much attention in the developing countries. It promises to weaken moves towards bilateral trade agreements, break open trade in temperate agricultural products, and should remove the last vestiges of protection against tropical products – although tariff escalation will remain. Overall, the main gains for the developing world will probably accrue to exporters of temperate products, above all those in Latin America; whilst for some of the poorer countries, losses may occur as the benefits of special and favoured access to the industrialised countries' markets will be erode

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00391.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper draws attention to the relative neglect of the consequences of barriers to processed food exports from developing countries in the literature examining the effects on these countries of agricultural trade liberalisation. These barriers are of three kinds: trade policy barriers; differing health, food safety and environmental standards; and, barriers arising from the evolving market structure in food processing and distribution in developed country markets. The paper discusses the likely significance of the gains to developing countries from reduction of tariffs on processed food commodities and examines the consequences of the EU single market programme for developing country food exports.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00392.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Chile and New Zealand are both small countries for which agricultural exports are important: both undertook comprehensive economic reforms during the 1970s and 1980s respectively. Comparison of the experiences shows that macroeconomic policy, above all the resulting movements in the real exchange rate and in interest rates, has a critical impact on agriculture. In both cases, rolling back the state has encouraged private responses. In Chile the challenges ahead lie in continuing productivity improvements, and in raising the welfare of smallholders in marginal areas. Six years after the initiation of reforms, New Zealand agriculture shows a healthy recovery. Once committed to economy‐wide reforms – stabilisation, adjustment, and trade liberalisation – and companion reforms of institutions, how do governments best proceed? With what reforms and in what mix, sequence, strength, and speed? For agriculture, specifically, this paper takes a close look at which reforms, or aspects of their implementation, can accelerate or slow down private investment and aggregate supply res

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00393.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Limited dependent variable models are employed to determine factors influencing UK household meat purchase behaviour. The standard Tobit approach is rejected. “Double hurdle” models, specifically the Cragg and Complete Dominance versions, provide a better representation of the factors that influence the separate decisions of participation and expenditure levels. Key results show that employment class and adult gender are significant determinants of participation but not expenditure; income affects both decisions but in opposite directions; education affects expenditure al

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00394.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper sets out to determine whether agricultural cooperative companies in the UK are more likely to underperform when compared with non‐cooperative companies in the same sector. The research indicates, that on the basis of profitability, capital gearing and liquidity, there were no significant differences between the two groups. For the business operational efficiency indicators of sales/working capital ratios, and creditor ratios, there were also no significant differences although, for the indicators of stock turnover and debtor ratios, cooperatives were seen to have significantly higher rates when compared with the non‐cooperative companies. The findings of this research reveal that cooperatives do not perform differently to non‐cooperatives, despite being required to balance member needs with the attainment of corporate

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00395.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigates the causal relationships between total factor productivity (TFP) and explanatory variables, such as public sector agricultural extension, farmer education, private sector patents and the weather. Cointegration and Granger causality tests are applied to the UK data which were used by Hallam (1990). Unlike Hallam, we find that there is a relationship between research spending and productivity. The same methodology is applied to new data for ten EC countries and the USA. In all cases there is evidence of a long run relationship between TFP and. Pooling the data for the ten EC countries and the USA, and then testing for causality shows that expenditures are Granger prior to TFP and that TFP is also Granger prior to expenditures. This result agrees with Pardey and Craig's (1989) US study.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00396.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The option of working full‐time off the farm is generally neglected in farmers' time allocation studies. In this paper, a generalised multinomial logit model, in which the choices are working only on the farm, allocating the time between farm and off‐farm work, or working only off‐farm, is estimated using Israeli data. The results show that the explanatory variables have significantly different effects on utility for off‐farm workers who also work on the farm versus those who do not. There seem to be incentives to work full time rather than part time off the farm. These conclusions cannot be reached if farm owners who do not work on the farm are excluded from the estimation. The conclusions imply that policy intended to encourage pluriactivity could instead result in increased specialisation in full‐time farm work or full‐time off‐farm work if it does not target the rig

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00397.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this paper is to test rationality in agricultural commodity markets. We investigate the price‐adjustment process after significant events using abnormally large cash commodity price changes as proxies for the arrivals of significant events in the markets. The evidence suggests that market rationality is violated. Generally, agricultural commodity prices tend to reverse after significant events. This is consistent with the over‐reaction hypothesis which maintains that traders in spot commodity markets over‐weight more recent information and under‐weight prior information in their expec

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00398.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper provides an analysis of food demand in Spain for the period 1964–1989 estimating the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) with annual time‐series of food expenditures divided into six categories. A dynamic version of the model incorporating habit effects captures the behaviour of the Spanish food consumer over the period investigated. The theoretical hypotheses of homogeneity and symmetry are rejected, but the model provides plausible expenditure and price elasticit

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00399.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY