摘要:

The suggestion that land should be owned communally (usually nationally) has often been put forward in Britain during the last three hundred years. The paper reviews the arguments as they have been developed by Utopians, Economists, Popularisers and Politicians. It argues that, though current problems are different from those addressed in the past, the history of the idea of communal ownership still offers insights that have current relevance. As far as rural land is concerned, the problems associated with ownership rights are those that relate either to non‐market effects or to the ‘unearned increment’ or to landlord/tenant relationships. Suggestions are made as to the part that changes in property rights might play in handling these problems today.‘To whomsoever the soil at any time belongs, to him belong the fruits of it. White parasols and elephants mad with pride are the flowers of a grant o

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01110.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The paper, after presenting a brief profile of USSR agriculture, elaborates on the main goals of USSR agricultural policies as well as on the main instruments used for implementing these policies. It tries to point out the achievements and constraints of these policies which are underlying Mr Gorbachev's efforts towards a reform of the USSR food economy. The main elements of this reform, so far as they have already become visible at this stage, are discussed and the inherent risks are indicated. The paper finishes with a brief speculative look at the possible effects of the reform measures on the world food economy, if they were implemented consistently and successfully.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01111.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this paper is to assess the effects of accession to the EC on the UK agricultural input industries using a technique commonly applied to examining the effects of accession on the manufacturing sector, the main emphasis being on trade patterns. Some attempt is made to differentiate between the effects of market‐widening and of the CAP, and an assessment of the welfare implications is given. The results indicate that the effect of market‐widening on the input industries was more important than the effect of the CAP and that the net loss of trade diversion was slightly outweighed by the benefits of export expan

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01112.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The taxation and grant arrangements for UK forestry were radically changed in April 1988. This paper considers the consequence of these changes for new forestry investment in Scotland by examining five models which describe different site types. The investment appraisals show that after April 1988 forestry will no longer be of interest to investors seeking a tax shelter or wishing to invest borrowed capital. Acceptable real returns to capital will be found only on relatively good quality sites. A major reduction in the rate of new planting is indicated and a shift away from poorer planting land. The rate and location of new planting will depend critically on farmland prices and the extent to which better‐quality land is released for planting under the normal consultation procedure

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01113.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A re‐examination of data frequently used to support the notion of price discrimination against agriculture in Sub‐Saharan Africa suggests that the extent of agricultural taxation has been overstated. In addition, a review of the evidence on the aggregate agricultural supply response to price indicates that elasticities are low, with the most plausible estimates lying in the range 0.2–0.4. Eight structural constraints explaining the poor supply response, to which Sub‐Saharan Africa is particularly prone, are identified. Further evidence is presented to show that output responds more significantly to structural factors than to price, and that investment in rural infrastructure will bring about an improved response to price. Capital constraints limit price‐induced private investment, so that public sector led investment in new technology and rural infrastructure would appear to be the single most important strategy for reversing the decline in African ag

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01114.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The paper examines two key issues relating to the use of fixed‐price conservational contracts of the type embodied in the new Environmentally Sensitive Area policy in the UK. It uses data for the Broads Grazing Marshes Conservation Scheme (BGMCS). The budgetary costs of the fixed‐price contract are compared to those of (i) public purchase of land with leaseback for grazing, and (ii) of individual management agreements. Using a net present value criterion, public purchase emerges as the cheapest option, and management agreements as a superior option in defined circumstances. The paper also explores equity and efficiency issues arising from fixed price contracts. It is concluded that for many farmers and landlords in the BGMCS the fixed payment exceeded what was necessary to achieve the conservational objectives, while at the same time it was less than the profit foregone by farmers who might possibly have switched to arable farm

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01115.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper begins by looking at some of the reasons why farm household pluriactivity, although long‐standing, has now become a phenomenon of interest to European policymakers. This European concern is then compared with the current interest of UK policymakers and academics in the related concept of farm diversification. In many respects, UK policies differ significantly from those in the rest of Europe, most notably in their neglect of off‐farm income‐earning opportunities, and the reasons for this are discussed. Furthermore, it is argued that a preoccupation with forms of diversification or pluriactivity is likely to be less helpful analytically than a focus on underlying farm business and farm household strategies. Finally, some preliminary results of empirical work in Devon and Grampian are presented which suggest that farm household strategies may be at variance with prior expectations in some res

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01116.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two methodologies for valuing non‐market benefits (contingent valuation and the travel cost method) are briefly described. Both are then applied to the problem of valuing non‐market recreation benefits derived by visitors to a part of the Queen Elizabeth Forest Park in Central Scotland. Results, in terms of consumer surplus estimates, are presented for each method, and problem areas found in applying the two methodologies are pointed

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01117.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

After several years of oil production and exports with attendant revenue influx, the sector is yet to make a significant impact in Nigeria's economic growth. Contrary to the hopes and expectations that greeted the oil discovery, the non‐oil export sector of the economy, more specifically the agricultural sector, has been declining consistently with further increases in oil exports. This paper is intended to provide an empirical analysis of an aspect of structural change that has taken place in the Nigerian economy. The hypothesis investigated is that an increase in oil exports results in higher relative prices on non‐tradeable to tradeable goods and an appreciation of the domestic currency, hence a loss of the competitiveness of the agricultural export sector in the international market. This phenomenon, popularly known as the ‘Dutch disease’, has been vigorously discussed in the United Kingdom, Norway and the Netherlands, has also received much attention from Australian economists in relation to m

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01118.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper traces the progress of the agricultural negotiations in the current GATT round from the Ministerial Declaration at Punte del Este, Uruguay, in September 1986 to the Geneva ‘Accord’ in April 1989. It summarises the initial position papers of the major participants, discusses the impasse at the Mid‐Term Review (Montreal, December 1988) and relates the Geneva Accord to the groundwork laid down in the preceding negotiations. Finally, the paper comments on some of the implications of the accord and on the prospects for a successful conclusion for the negotia

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01119.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY