摘要:

Neo classical micro‐economic theory of the firm and household rests on the foundations of profit maximising and utility maximising behaviour respectively. This paper explores the issue of whether market efficiency can be improved when economic agents' behaviour is motivated by ethical objectives such as fairness and altruism. In particular the paper examines agricultural stewardship as an ethically motivated form of behaviour, which is profit sacrificing, but which improves economic efficiency by reducing environmental externalities. The paper also reiterates the limitations of Pareto optimality as a criterion of economic welfare because its rejection of interpersonal welfare comparisons rules out ethical considerations of income and wealth distributio

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00405.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A review of the ‘new political economy’ of agricultural policies includes models of social income maximising governments, collective action by ‘pressure groups’, and the interaction between politicians and voters. An alternative explanation for Olson's “social by‐product” theory for why farmers received massive subsidies as a large group is also presented. An explanation for various patterns of farm policy interventions is given, including why rich countries subsidise and poor countries tax farmers. Finally, the role of public research expenditures and the interaction with commodity polic

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00406.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The causes of the present crisis are sought in the historical origins of the role of agriculture in the forced march to industrialisation by the USSR and in the impact of the recent, post‐Soviet reforms on agriculture. The collapse is compared with the damage inflicted on farming in the Second World War but it is also noted that the recent decline in farming is not so severe as that in industry. Some of the essential preconditions for recovery are briefly considere

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00407.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This essay considers investment in agricultural tractors in the UK, and examines and compares econometric models of investment. A net investment series is calculated from quality‐adjusted gross investment figures, showing limited negative net investment over time but with substantial variability. Four time‐series modelling techniques are compared as representations of the demand for tractors over the period 1964 to 1990; these are the accelerator (clay‐clay), neo‐classical (putty‐putty), expectations augmented neo‐classical (putty‐clay) and ad hoc models. Model results support the use of an expectations augmented, neo‐classical model of net investment in a partial adjustment framework. Future expectations of agricultural policy are considered as a major influence on investment, an aspect that backwards‐looking expectations models only pa

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00408.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Food‐for‐work (FFW) as a form of food aid has been criticised for its many disincentive effects. This paper investigates alleged disincentive effects of food‐for‐work (FFW) on labour supply and agricultural intensification and diversification in one district of Ethiopia, using a ranking exercise and a small survey of farmer opinion. Despite the popularity of FFW as a source of income, careful project design meant that disincentives were largely avoided. In particular, the take‐up of FFW was restricted, by a combination of self‐targeting and community based administrative rationing; and agricultural intensification and diversification were encouraged directly through extension

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00409.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Measures of agricultural incomes, and of the industry's productivity, are often derived by combining measures of the aggregate values and volumes of the industry's outputs and inputs. Combinations of price indices are less common but some have been published by Eurostat and are described in this paper. They are of two basic forms, one indicating the net effect of changes in output prices and input prices on the industry's value added and the other indicating changes in the industry's terms of trade. The paper examines the role, construction and interpretation of these measures and offers some cautions about their interpretation in the context of CAP reform.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00410.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this paper we demonstrate the use of Johansen's multiple cointegration technique as a test for spatial market integration. We argue that this technique overcomes many of the limitations of previous methods for testing market integration. An application of this approach to the Philippines rice markets indicates that these markets are generally well integrated in the long‐run with Manila as the dominant market. However, there are other inter‐regional relationships which are important in the short t

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00411.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper presents the results of three approaches to estimating linear production coefficients from sample farm data by apportioning total input usage between individual enterprises. It is suggested that the use of Bayesian priors to conduct constrained estimation is preferable to the use of Inequality Restricted Least Squares.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00412.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00413.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviews in this article:KJELDAHL, R. and TRACY, M. (eds.) (1994). Renationalisation of the Common Agricultural Policy? CopenhagenTRACY, M. (ed.) (1994). East‐West European Agricultural Trade: The Impact of Association Agreements. La Hutte (Genappe)MARCHANT, M. A. (1993). Political Economic Analysis of US Dairy Policies and European Community Dairy Policy ComparisonsO'DONNELL, C. (1993). Commodity Price Stabilisation: An Empirical AnalysisPHIMISTER, E. (1993). Savings and Investment in Farm Households: Analysis Using Life CycleTIFFEN, M., MORTIMORE, M. AND GICHUKI, F. (1994). More People, Less Erosion. Environmental Recovery in KenyaPOATE, C.D. and DAPLYN, P. F. (1993). Data for Agrarian Development. Wye Studies in Agricultural and Rural DevelopmentRUTTAN, V. W. (ed.) (1993). Why Food Aid?VAN ATTA, D. (ed.) (1993). The “Farmer Threat”: The Political Economy of Agrarian Reform in Post‐Sovie

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00414.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY