摘要:

A method for calibrating agricultural production models is presented. The data requirements are those for a linear programming model with the addition of elasticities of substitution. Using these data, production models with a CES production function can be simply and automatically calibrated using small computers. The resulting models are shown to satisfy the standard microeconomic conditions. When used for analysis of policy changes, the CES models are able to respond smoothly to changes in prices or constraints. Prior estimates of elasticities of substitution, supply or demand can be incorporated in the models.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1995.tb00762.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Over the last few decades increasing concern has been voiced regarding the detrimental effect which many modern farming practices are thought to have on the countryside. The Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESA) Scheme is one response to this concern and seeks to support those agricultural practices which have contributed to the distinctive agricultural landscape, which for many people typifies the British countryside. This paper uses the contingent valuation method to estimate the benefits which the general public receives from the ESA scheme in the South Downs and sets them against the estimated net exchequer costs of the scheme. The study illustrates the importance of including passive use values in benefit‐cost analysis, if environmental protection is to be provided in certain marginal area

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1995.tb00763.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper examines the causal relationship between agricultural productivity and exports for selected Asian and Latin American countries. Alternative views about the causal relationship between these variables of economic interest exist. Economic theory provides no firm basis to judge whether productivity causes exports or exports cause productivity (export‐led growth). Since this issue is empirical, econometric tests are utilised to investigate the nature of this causality. Test results are mixed although the export‐led growth hypothesis is validated in a few ca

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1995.tb00764.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present paper provides a numerical general equilibrium assessment of policies to reduce tropical deforestation in Indonesia. Two groups of policy measures are examined: (i) forestry policies as a means to internalise the local externalities of deforestation; (ii) international measures to address the global dimension of the problem. Given the relatively short rotation periods and the high harvesting intensity in the forestry sector, it is concluded that among the forestry policies an increase in the minimum harvest age is the best solution from an ecological point of view, because it tackles both problems simultaneously. At the global level, import restrictions, for Indonesian wood products are ecologically ineffective and place considerable costs on the Indonesian economy, whereas compensation payments can compensate for the losses of forest conservation, if the money is invested in the creation of new employment opportunities.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1995.tb00765.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Agricultural production is often characterised by multiple inputs and multiple outputs to multiple production processes. Where an output from one process is used as an input to another, this output is called an intermediate product. This is a common situation when a farm produces both crops and livestock. The analysis of production efficiency is important for the evaluation of agricultural policy, but until recently, no methods have explicitly included intermediate products. This study applies a non‐parametric technique of efficiency measurement which includes intermediate products. The data set is a sample of dairy farms drawn using a complex survey design. The use of non‐parametric efficiency measurement and the subsequent application of bootstrapping and kernel density estimation to the results allow inferences to be drawn concerning the whole population from which the sample was drawn. We find that the decomposition of production into subproduction processes reduces the dimensions of problem specification, with the effect that a larger number of variables may be usefully included in the mo

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1995.tb00766.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using annual time‐series data for the selected South Pacific Island Nations (SPINs), sources of commodity export revenue variability (CERV) are analysed using forecast error decomposition and impulse response analysis based on vector autoregression (VAR) models. The evidence shows that there are different sources which contribute to CERV, although the magnitudes of the contributions are variable. External market factors are important, but it is shown that domestic factors (especially the GDP) have equal if not greater influence on CERV in the selected SPINs, particularly in Solomon Islands and Fij

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1995.tb00767.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study demonstrates that the intensity of farm‐level land use can be extremely sensitive to minor reductions in expected farm income when the risk‐averse farmer makes utility maximising decisions. The study uses directly elicited utility functions for farmers in the North of England in conjunction with MOTAD generated E, V frontiers. The results imply that instability encourages the use of less intensive farming methods and therefore could actually assist the achievement of environmental policy go

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1995.tb00768.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper analyses the problem of marketing uncertainty for producers of perishable products. It argues that there are two main features to this marketing uncertainty: uncertainty of demand at the market price due to quality considerations; and uncertainty of transport services associated with the independence and cost of such services. Moreover a negative correlation between the uncertainties of demand and transport services may be shown theoretically to be an additional cost for producers, and as such may be sufficient to create a reversal of supply response to a given change in market conditions.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1995.tb00769.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper proposes a methodology for quantifying the relative bias inherent in various farm sampling frames. It can be applied to any area or region for which a significant sample of farms is required. A random survey examined the relative representativeness of selected farm characteristics by National Farmers' Union of Scotland (NFUS) and Scottish Landowners' Federation (SLF) membership lists, the British Telecom Yellow Pages farm business listings, and the Scottish Office Agriculture and Fisheries Department June census returns on farm holdings. It is suggested that a methodology to assess comparative bias should be employed prior to any extensive work requiring the use of a sampling frame for farm holdings or businesses, to ensure that the most appropriate framework is chosen and a greater understanding of research findings achieved.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1995.tb00770.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper describes the statistical basis of examinations of UK trade in food, feed and drink and of the magnitude of the trade gap between imports and exports. It includes a description of the main features of UK trade statistics, an explanation of the coverage of the series on UK trade in food, feed and drink and examinations of the composition of that trade and of trends in the trade gap.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1995.tb00771.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY