ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930050402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a first prospective study of manic illness in old age, 35 manic patients over the age of 60 were compared with 35 patients below the age of 40 on clinical and cognitive measures. CT scan comparisons were made between the elderly patients and age‐matched healthy controls. Contrary to previously accepted teaching, the elderly were effectively clinically indistinguishable from the younger patients, except that the latter experienced more severe illnesses. CT and cognitive results, however, in the elderly group showed evidence of changes which support the view that cerebral organic factors play an important role in the genesis of affective disorder in old ag

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930050403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe hypothesis is advanced that two striking features of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCN)—their role in memory and their vulnerability in disease—are related to their dependence on nerve growth factor (NGF). Numerous studies, involving retrograde transport, receptor localization and responses to exogenous growth factor, have demonstrated a relatively selective association of NGF with these neurons in adult brain. The role of BFCN innervating cortical areas such as the hippocampus (and other cortical areas) in memory is widely supported by the results of surgical or pharmacological manipulation in experimental animals. Neuronal degeneration, indicated by decreased cortical cholinergic activity and/or subcortical cell loss, is also evident in a wide variety of cerebral disorders involving memory loss and dementia (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, Lewy body dementia and olivopontocerebellar atrophy are some examples) and to a lesser extent in normal ageing itself, in which memory is particularly vulnerable. Evidence is provided to support the idea that activity‐dependent uptake of NGF underlies both the memory function of BFCN and their susceptibility to disease. It is suggested that therapeutic strategies in dementia may need to be directed towards stimulation (pharmacological or physiological) of surviving

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930050404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWith the growing numbers of elderly chronically mentally ill individuals, there is increasing need for evaluation of assessment procedures relevant to this population. The assessment of negative symptoms among older patients may be especially problematic if expression of affect, poverty of speech, and social withdrawal are affected by normal ageing processes. The present study was intended to establish normative levels of negative symptoms for older adults. A sample of 127 elderly community residents was compared to smaller samples of elderly schizophrenics, nursing home residents without psychiatric disorder, and young schizophrenics, using the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. The results support the validity of this scale for elderly individuals. Negative symptoms appeared rarely among community‐residing elders without psychiatric histories, so that a low cutting score on the scale identifies symptoms for this age group. For all groups negative symptoms were significantly related to competence in activities of daily living and ratings of mental health. Findings support the importance of assessing negative symptoms among the elderly chronically mentally ill. Further research is recommended to explore the relationship between asymptomatic levels of negative symptoms and functioning among non‐psychiatric eld

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930050405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWandering in dementia causes major difficulties for both patients and their carers. The term ‘wandering’ however, is vague and has no specific meaning. The behaviour of 29 patients in the community with dementia who had been classed as ‘wanderers’ was studied. The subjects were assessed using a semistructured interview with a carer. The findings show that the term ‘wandering’ covers a wide range of distinct behavioural abnormalities. A descriptive typology of wandering is proposed and the rates of each type are given. It is suggested that five fundamental components underlie the various types o

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930050406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOuabain binding was estimated in erythrocytes from 31 patients with trisomy 21 and 32 matched mentally handicapped controls. The ouabain binding of the control group decreased significantly with age, as expected, but this change did not occur in the Down's syndrome group. However, the ouabain binding of the younger (less than 40 years) Down's group was significantly lower than that of the younger controls and simply remained low in the older group.

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930050407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractReminiscing, the mental activity of dwelling on the past, was quantified during a semistructured interview known for its reliability. Eighteen depressed, hospitalized patients (mean age 62 years; DSM‐III major depressive disorder) were compared to 12 normals with equivalent demographic characteristics. The depressed patients prior to treatment had significantly lower reminiscing scores. When the interviews were repeated after 3–4 weeks, the 10 patients treated with ECT were significantly improved clinically and their reminiscing score had increased to normal levels. The eight patients who received antidepressant medication were non‐responsive to treatment and reminiscing was further reduced during their second interview. The role of reminiscing and its therapeutic potential in ageing are disc

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930050408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis community study of the mental health of women demonstrates twice as much psychiatric ill‐health among those over the age of 65 compared to younger women. The findings are best explained in terms of the loss of the work role for the elderly women rather than the loss of the domestic role. An apparently high frequency of phobia in the urban women is seen as an understandable reaction to their increased vulnerability and decreased mobility consequent on their chronic physical ill‐hea

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930050409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRestlessness, aggressiveness and agitation in elderly people with dementia sometimes requires treatment with drugs. Often patients cannot be calmed by soothing measures alone, and neuroleptics in low dosages are frequently used. This open dose ranging study was proposed to determine the optimum dosage of oral zuclopenthixol for patients with dementia and behavioural problems. Twenty hospital inpatients entered the study of whom 14 were established on a therapeutic dosage (the lowest dose providing maximum clinical benefit without the emergence of unwanted symptoms) and maintained for four weeks. Eleven of the 14 patients who were established on a therapeutic dosage received either 2 or 4mg bd. Patients' symptoms were shown to have significantly improved during the study.

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930050410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930050411

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY