ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930080402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFunctional ability is affected by a number of different factors, including biological ageing, illness, and living environment. This study was concerned with the connections of functional ability with mood and cognitive capacity in elderly individuals. It forms part of a cross‐sectional study which was carried out in 1988, involving two random samples of 800 non‐institutionalized persons born in 1904–1913 and 1914–1923. Functional ability tests included 18 questions; eight concerned coping with physical activities of daily living (PADL) and 10 instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Depressive symptoms and cognitive capacity were examined by tests. In addition, there was a set of questions concerning health status and socioeconomic situation. Regression models (LISREL) were used to identify factors associated with PADL and IADL activities. In the younger age group, 68% of the men and 65% of the women had no difficulty in coping with PADL activities. The figures for the older group were 58% and 37%, respectively. Difficulties were reported more frequently with IADL activities. In the older age group 17% of the men and 10% of the women coped with no difficulty. In all activities difficulties tended to increase with age, and more so among women than men. The explanatory factors that emerged from the regression models as most significant were the number of chronic illnesses, the number of depressive symptoms and cognitive c

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930080403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA cohort of 104 patients newly admitted to a medical long‐term care facility was studied over 1 year for evolution of depression. Seven variables that were associated with level of depression were used in discriminant function analyses. Results showed that the variables had about 90% accuracy in predicting depressed versus non‐depressed groups with good sensitivity and specificity. The variables measured: coping with admission; life satisfaction at admission; affective and non‐affective symptoms at admission; clinical health status after admission; friends in hospital after admission; and changes in affective symptoms after admission before the onset of depre

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930080404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere has been an enormous increase in research to identify potential pharmacological treatments for cognitive impairment in elderly people. Currently, well over 150 such compounds are under development by the pharmaceutical industry. However, among those who are potential targets for such treatment are many who suffer from relatively mild disorder, where the distinction from both dementia and ‘normality’ is not clear. These people include those described as suffering from benign senescent forgetfulness and age‐associated memory impairment. This article discusses principles of diagnosis and treatment in this area with particular reference to age‐associated memory impairment. For ethical, practical and economic reasons it is essential that these issues are examined thoroughly before any apparent breakthrough in

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930080405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe NOSGER is an assessment instrument used in psychogeriatrics, consisting of 30 observable items of behaviour and measuring impairments in six areas: memory, IADL (instrumental activities of daily living), ADL (activities of daily living), mood, social behaviour and disturbing behaviour. Data collected in the course of validation studies were reanalysed to calculate tentative normative scores and to assess the scale's sensitivity to change. Cutoff scores for elderly normal subjects living in the community are estimated around 10 for ADL and around 15 for memory and IADL disturbances. Cutoff values for the three non‐cognitive NOSGER dimensions are not yet available. Sensitivity to change (over 3 months) was shown to be relatively highest for memory, IADL and disturbing behaviour and lowest for ADL in a group of patients with mild to moderate dementia. Correlations between NOSGER change scores and physicians‐ overall assessments of treatment efficacy in a drug study were highest for social behaviour, IADL and mood, suggesting that non‐cognitive factors were at least as important to determine doctors‐ assessments of change as changes in cognitive areas of behaviour. Further studies are on their way to supplement the present d

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930080406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAbuse of alcohol in the elderly may be commoner than previously thought, but accurate detection is hampered by, among other things, lack of information about the most suitable screening or detection methods in this group. One hundred and ten consecutive admissions to an acute unit for the elderly mentally ill were studied to identify problem drinkers and to examine characteristics of these patients. The prevalence of problem drinking was found to be 19%, one third of whom had been undetected during routine medical assessment. A highly significant difference in consumption of alcohol was found between problem drinkers and the remainder of the group (p<0.001), with consumption of 14 or more units of alcohol per week in males and females being associated with high risk of adverse consequences. Thus, consumption of 14 or more units of alcohol per week may be applied as a useful screening test for problem drinking in the elderly, with sensitivity of 0.92 and specificity of 0.98. The pattern of drinking showed a similar distinction with consumption of alcohol on 3 or more days per week being associated with high risk of adverse consequences (p<0.001).

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930080407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe article reports an investigation into whether abnormal EEG patterns are predictive of faster rate of decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Data for 24 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (NINCDS‐ADRDA criteria) were analysed. Patients were divided into two groups, those with normal EEG pattern (N = 9) and those with abnormal EEG pattern (N = 15). There was no difference between the initial MMSE and CAMCOG scores for either group. There was also no difference in terms of rate of decline, as measured by MMSE and CAMCOG scores, between patients with normal and abnormal EEG records. We therefore conclude that the single EEG is of limited value in predicting rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer patient

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930080408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe stress upon the principal relative caregivers of a series of dementia sufferers attending an assessment day hospital was studied. The main variables influencing stress levels were the caregiver's own health self‐rating and a measure of behaviour and mood disturbance in the patient. Predictors of the breakdown of community care over a 1‐year follow‐up period were studied. At 12 months caregiver's ‘caseness’ on the GHQ was a highly significant predictor. Clinical work with dementia sufferers in the community should include an assessment of the health and psychological status of the caregiver. Future research should focus upon evaluating specifically targeted interventions aimed at reducing stress in c

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930080409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe 30‐item General Health questionnaire (GHQ‐30) scores of the primary carers of 31 elderly patients with depression were compared with the GHQ‐30 scores of 30 primary carers of dementia sufferers. Carers of dementia sufferers who lived with their demented relative had GHQ‐30 scores almost four times higher than those carers who lived apart from a dementia sufferer. There was no difference in the GHQ‐30 scores of carers of depressed subjects living with or apart from their affected relative. Carers of demented patients tended on average to have higher GHQ‐30 scores than carers of depressed patients, but this difference was almost entirely accounted for by the fact that more carers of demented patients lived with their ill relatives. Patient and carer age and sex and severity of patients' depression were not related to the GHQ‐30 scores of

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930080410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe report a follow‐up study of measures of depression and self‐esteem in a sample of elderly people, 101 of whom were reinterviewed 10 years after initial assessment and 70 of these again 13 years later. The initial assessment included a wide range of social, psychological and medical measures. The results of logistic regression analysis showed the most significant predictors of the emergence of depressive symptoms and/or low self‐esteem over this period of time to be receipt of help with household tasks, a negative attitude to ageing, and percveived inactivity. High self‐esteem, was also associated with resilience against depression. Despite the close association between measures of depression and self‐esteem, further investigation into the sources of self‐esteem can provide evidence on the origins of depressiv

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930080411

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY