ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930030402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne thousand and seventy residents in the community in Liverpool aged 65 and over were interviewed using the GMS–AGECAT package. Various suggested risk factors for Alzheimer's disease were examined. Our results are in line with the conclusions drawn from earlier case‐control studies: most of the factors are not associated with a change in risk. An important new result was the finding that a history of headache or dizziness led to a reduced risk of subsequent dementia. This finding is consistent with that of Heymanet al.(1984), although it was not statistically significant in their smaller st

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930030403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe article describes the social, physical and psychological features of 104 consecutive elderly suicides, using information obtained from coroners' inquests. An age and sex matched cohort of 51 accidental deaths was used as a control. The suicide cohort was significantly more depressed and in pain, had experienced more previous depressive episodes and suicide attempts, and were less confused compared to the control group. The study confirms the importance of recognized risk factors: 61% were living alone, with 9% complaining of loneliness. Only one individual, on available data, attended a day hospital or day centre. Physical illness was common, with at least 56% having ill health prior to death and 63% showing postmortem abnormalities. Twenty‐two per cent revealed abnormal cerebral pathology. Depressive illness was prominent, with 79% exhibiting depressive symptoms prior to death. Only 12 individuals were taking antidepressants and only one was on lithium. Despite contact with primary care services, only 20% had been seen by psychiatrists within three months of death. The roles of alcohol, drugs, abnormal cerebral changes and personality factors are discussed along with considerations for preventio

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930030404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMost studies of the effects of drugs in senile dementia have used subjective rating scales to measure change in mental and cognitive function. Few have used objective measurement. The purpose of this study was to compare the latency of the P‐300 component of the event‐related auditory evoked potential before and after drug treatment. Twenty‐one patients aged 74–93 with dementia defined by a score of>10 and<25 using the Mini‐Mental Status Test of Folstein were treated with Hydergine 13.5 mg or placebo under double‐blind randomized conditions for a period of six weeks. The mean P‐300 latency in the active group showed a decrease of 60 ms whilst that of the placebo group was prolonged by 25 ms. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.5) in favour of the active drug. These data suggest that this method of assessment is sensitive to drug‐induced changes in patients with

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930030405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Blessed Dementia Scale (DS) is a brief behavioural scale based on the interview of a close informant. Its validity as a screening test was evaluated in 105 demented patients and 123 community residents. The DS proved to be a sensitive and specific screening test for dementia, especially when items related to personality changes were omitted by constructing a revised DS (RDS). Both the DS and RDS correlated with the patients' neuropsychological test performance. They also differentiated patients with different degrees of dementia. In the screening of dementia the cut‐off point of 4 in the DS gave a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 84%. In the RDS the cut‐off point of 1.5 gave a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 97%. Behavioural rating scales such as the DS are valuable in the screening of dementia, especially when combined with cognitive testing. In addition they can be used in the evaluation of the degree of disability and in the planning of social supp

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930030406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFour cases of paraphrenia with multiple sensory disturbances are presented in which there was a close temporal relationship between the development of a disturbance in one sensory modality and the onset of psychiatric symptoms pertaining to it. In some instances, relief of the sensory dysfunction was followed by amelioration of the corresponding psychiatric symptom. It is suggested that in the presence of the right constitutional/environmental milieu, delusions and/or hallucinations may be precipitated by the development of peripheral sensory disturbances and since the latter, not infrequently, result from a treatable disorder, paraphrenics should be investigated thoroughly before instituting neuroleptic therapy.

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930030407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe monoamine metabolites 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured in 15 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) and 48 controls by means of a sensitive liquid chromotagraphic method. Relative to a large group of control subjects, the mean CSF 5‐HIAA and HVA levels in patients with DAT appeared to be significantly lower. This finding appeared to be sex‐related, in that the decrease in CSF monoamine metabolite levels could be attributed predominantly to male patients. A statistically significant relationship was found between 5‐HIAA and HVA in both patients and controls. Linear regression analysis revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between age and CSF HVA in female controls only. No relationship was found between 5‐HIAA and age either in patients or in controls. It is concluded that CSF 5‐HIAA and HVA levels are decreased in male patients with DAT, probably signalling a sex‐related change in serotonin and probably dopamine functioning in the central

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930030408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe use of benzodiazepines by a randomly selected community‐based sample of Liverpudlians aged 65 and over is reported. No significant change in usage between the two study periods 1982–83 and 1985–86 was found, in contrast to nationwide trends indicated by prescription audits. There was an excess of consumption by women, a high proportion of users who could be classified as long‐term users and an enduring popularity of long‐act

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930030409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractData on state of health and social situation were collected from two samples of elderly people livinig in Cologne, a sample living in the community in their own homes and a sample living in institutions. There was a high prevalence of physical disorder, especially in those in residential care, and an overall prevalence of organic cerebral disorder of 5.5%. Some methodological problems of using physicians to carry out the survey rather than trained lay interviewers are presented.

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930030410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930030411

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY