ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930070802

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930070803

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDespite growing interest in the nature and mechanisms of senile dementia, there has been surprisingly little research on long‐term care provision for persons with irreversible cognitive decline. The present study describes a model for the evaluation of long‐term care facilities for the dementing elderly and its application in France to a comparative study of traditional long‐stay hospitals and non‐medical communal care. Results suggest that persons in communal care are less dependent, report less depressive symptomatology, are more mobile, engage in verbal communication more frequently and have fewer language difficulties than persons in hospital care, although no differences are found between the two groups in terms of dementia severity. Both family and professional caregivers were found to be more satisfied with communal care. A follow‐up study suggests that some of these differences might, however, be due to differences in the populations at admission. The results are discussed in terms of appropriate care allocation for persons with senile

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930070804

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe coexistence of many screening tests for senile dementia raises the question of their potential differences. In an elderly community sample (n= 358), four different tests were applied in parallel. All tests were able to identify similar samples of subjects regarding sample size, age, education or depression. We failed to prove one test to be superior in predicting CAMDEX or AGECAT diagnoses of dementia. Yet, the individuals identified by different tests, and especially the cases of minimal dementia, were only partly identical and partly unique for each of the tests. There is a clear need for greater consensus about the use of screening tests for dementia.

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930070805

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe concurrent validity of critical flicker fusion threshold (CFFT) and flicker threshold measurement was examined in 23 female and three male patients with primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type (PDDAT). Patients had a mean age of 81.7 ± 6.05 years (range 67–89). Diagnosis of PDDAT was based on the DSM‐III‐R classification. Both the CFFT and flicker thresholds were found to be highly and significantly correlated with standardized clinical assessment (Global Deterioration Scale), cognitive function (Abbreviated Mental Test) and psychomotor performance (Choice Reaction Time). The implications of these two measures for clinical trial research and the longitudinal assessment of patients with Alzheimer's disease are dis

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930070806

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSixteen day centre attenders with dementia and their carers were interviewed. The cognitive and behavioural impairments of subjects with dementia were assessed using the Mini‐Mental State and the Stockton Geriatric Behaviour Rating Scale. Carers were assessed using the GHQ(28) as a screen for psychiatric morbidity. Where psychological intervention programmes were successful in reducing behaviour identified by carers as particularly distressing, carer GHQ fell. Future studies are neede

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930070807

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Hachinski Ischaemic Score (HIS) was first introduced in 1975 as a clinical scale intended to differentiate cases of dementia resulting from multiple strokes (multi‐infarct dementia) from those with primary degenerative dementias. Its conceptual basis rests on the view that vascular dementia is the result of strokes, not of general atherosclerosis or ischaemia. This article critically examines the psychometric properties of the scale. Reliability studies are singularly lacking, and studies of its validity have produced inconsistent findings. Furthermore, there has been a change of views regarding vascular dementia, which is currently seen as heterogeneous and not simply a consequence of strokes. We argue that the HIS is in fact aninfarctscore, that it is not a true dimensional scale, and that it has outlived its usefulnes

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930070808

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe early detection and diagnosis of dementia is gaining in importance both for medical research and for individual case management. Here, a key part can be played by general practitioners, who are in contact with most of the affected old people and well placed to observe any signs of mental deterioration.A study in Mannheim, Germany, is reported, in which all contacts with over‐65‐year‐old patients during one month were documented in each of 24 practices, and each patient's level of memory and cognitive functioning was assessed by his or her own doctor. A stratified subsample of patients in 21 of the practices was examined by the research team, using a standardized interview and test procedure.The findings indicate a greater accuracy of case recognition than has been reported in previous studies. In screening the interview subsample, the practitioners achieved a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 76%, identifying most of the mild as well as the severe cases. These results emphasize the potential importance of general practice for the early detection of dementia, and suggest that more attention should now be directed towards the clinical prognosis and management of cases presenting in the primary care se

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930070809

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether dyscalculia is present in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and if it is associated with a characteristic neuropsychological pattern. We examined 28 probable AD patients with scores of 18 or greater on the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMS) and with an educational level of 12 or more years. The ability to perform mental calculation was assessed by two tests: the Stamp Test (ST) and the Serial Seven Subtraction Test (SSST). The other cognitive domains were evaluated with an extensive neuropsychological battery. We found significant differences in performances on the calculation tests between patients and controls. The ST was correlated with attention and visuospatial skills, whereas the SSST was correlated with both receptive language and the MMS; both test were similarly correlated with productive language. This study suggests that impairment in mental calculation can be an early sign of AD. The ST seems to represent a more complex task dependent on attentional resources, whereas the SSST would be a purer measure of anarithmeti

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930070810

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn detailed published accounts to date of 40 twin pairs one or both of whom were said to have Alzheimer's disease (AD), 16 of 35 monozygotic (MZ) pairs were described as concordant for the disease and the remaining 19 pairs as discordant, while of the five pairs of dizygotic (DZ) twins two pairs were designated as concordant. However, these data have emerged almost exclusively from selective case reports and volunteer samples, resulting in an over‐representation of MZ twins that complicates the overall interpretation of the data. In an effort to reduce such ascertainment bias, we screened for diagnoses consistent with AD in the Maudsley Hospital Twin Register, which consists of twins registered at the Bethlem Royal and the Maudsley Hospitals (London, UK) since 1948. Seven twins were identified who met criteria for primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type. Available details of their affected status as well as of the status of their co‐twins are presented and discus

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930070811

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY