ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930071002

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article presents a review of the literature on morale. It presents data on the correlates of morale and refers to related research on self‐image, self‐esteem and well‐being. The aim of the article is to give an overview of factors associated with morale identified in the literature. These are summarized in the table. The article points to the relevance of some of these findings for practice. Attention is drawn to the likely overlap and covariance of many of the correlates and it is suggested that multivariant approaches to the analysis of morale may lead to greater understanding of the primary factors. A statistical modelling approach to the problem is promised in a later ar

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930071003

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA retrospective chart review study was conducted to determine risk factors associated with falls. All patients on a 23‐bed geropsychiatry service who fell during the course of one calendar year (17 patients, 30 falls) were compared to a control group of 30 non‐fallers from the same service and time period. The group of patients who fell during hospitalization was characterized by more frequent history of falls (18% vs 0%,p<0.05) and ambulatory impairment (76% vs 47%,p<0.05) and longer length of hospital stay (81 days vs 46 days,p<0.02). There was no difference in number of medical diagnoses or standing medications between the fallers and non‐fallers, but the fallers were more frequently administered benzodiazepines (0.088 doses/day vs 0.034 doses/day,p<0.03) and neuroleptics (0.039 doses/day vs 0.014 doses/day,p<0.06) on a PRN basis for agitation. We conclude that falls among geropsychiatry inpatients are associated with the administration of PRN benzodiazepines and neuroleptics to control agit

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930071004

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe studied the ability of old age psychiatrists to accurately diagnose physical disorders in elderly patients. A group of 24 psychogeriatric patients who died in hospital were matched for age and sex with 24 elderly patients who died under the care of other specialists in the same hospital. Postmortem findings and premortem diagnoses were compared retrospectively and the two groups showed high but similar levels of diagnostic discrepancies, despite the greater prevalence of dementia in the psychogeriatric group. The results show that old age psychiatrists are as successful as other specialists in identifying physical illnesses in their elderly patients.

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930071005

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA partition delusion is the belief that people, objects or radiation can pass through what would normally constitute a barrier to such passage. These delusions have been reported to be common in late paraphrenia and late‐onset schizophrenia. Such partition delusions were found in 68% of 50 patients with late paraphrenia, but only in 13% of patients with schizophrenia who had grown old and in 20% of young schizophrenics. Partition delusions, often in association with persecutory beliefs, are common in late paraphrenia and we discuss some possible reasons for thi

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930071006

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThirty‐one elderly people were examined in Lockerbie and compared with 24 younger survivors of the disaster which took place in December 1988. Examination took place within one year of the disaster, but was timed to avoid the anniversary period. All subjects were in Lockerbie at the time the aeroplane exploded in mid‐air. Examinations were conducted for purposes of medico‐legal assessment. The elderly had similar responses to the younger disaster victims, the majority of whom met DSM‐III‐R criteria for PTSD. The elderly, however, had a very high incidence of coexisting major depression, unlike the younger population. Loss or injury to friends and the witnessing of human remains was positively correlated with a diagnosis of post‐traumatic stress disorder in the elderly but not in the younger subjects. Neither material nor personal loss, nor the witnessing of human remains, was associated with a diagnosis of depression in the elderly, although significant material loss was associated with depression in the young

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930071007

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNine (12%) of 78 consecutive first admissions to psychogeriatric day units fulfilled an operational definition for dementia of frontal lobe type (DFT). These cases showed many of the behavioural, neuropsychological and neurophysiological features of DFT reported in presenile subjects. They accounted for 14% of first admissions with organic brain syndromes and 37% of those showing marked apathy or disinhibition. These findings support the hypothesis that DFT is a common cause of referral to psychogeriatric services and a significant source of behavioural disturbances in such settings.

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930071008

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThirty‐six female inpatients with a clinical diagnosis of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type were entered into a double‐blind withdrawal of their established thioridazine therapy over a four‐week period. Prolactin (PRL) levels were assayed at weeks 0, 2 and 4 in both groups. A significant reduction in PRL level over this period was seen in the placebo‐substituted group as compared with the active‐continued group. Over the same interval there was no significant change or difference between the two groups in terms of cognitive function, behaviour or physical condition. There was no correlation between PRL levels and degree of dementia or dose of thioridazine at the start of the study. This study suggests that the response to thioridazine withdrawal in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type is a reversal of pharmacological hyperprolactinaemia. The timescale and extent of this can be likened to that seen in schizophrenics and in normal volunteers. No definite evidence emerged that PRL levels might be useful as markers of disease severity or response to neurolepti

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930071009

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Multiphasic Environmental Assessment Procedure (MEAP; Moos and Lemke, 1984) was used to assess three long‐stay settings within a geriatric hospital, one of which is a non‐nursing unit committed to the philosophy of residents viewing the setting as their own home. Findings suggest positive outcomes for residents on the nonnursing unit, and support the view that types of care fostering independence and personal responsibility of elderly residents in their setting may be associated with increased mental functioning and activity. The lack of trained nursing staff had no detrimental effect on any measure of resident life, and some specific caring practices on the unit may be interpreted as having a positive outcome for reside

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930071010

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA national retrospective survey of hospital records was used to select those patients with presenile dementia who had undergone neuropathological examination. The National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS–ADRDA) clinical criteria for probable Alzheimer's disease and a Hachinski score were applied to each record before the neuropathological diagnosis was known. A discriminant analysis, which entered the criteria as variables, was performed. The diagnostic accuracy of the clinical criteria was compared before and after discriminant analysis. One thousand six hundred and seventy‐one records were scrutinised of which 61 patients had undergone neuropathological examination. NINCDS–ADRDA criteria had a diagnostic accuracy of 72% (specificity 88%, sensitivity 61%) compared to 77% (specificity 80%, sensitivity 75%) after analysis. NINCDS–ADRDA criteria together with the Hachinski score had an accuracy of 72% (specificity 61%, sensitivity 88%) compared to 83.6% (specificity 76%, sensitivity 89%) after analysis. Variables of highest discriminating value were the Hachinski score, presence of coexistent neurological disease and presence of coexistent systemic disease. The results highlight limitations of current clinical criteria used to diagnose Alzheimer's disease and suggest that substantial improvements are p

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930071011

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY