ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1984.tb03815.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1984.tb03816.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have assessed the elimination rate of22Na (ER‐22Na), total exchangeable sodium (NaE), blood pressure, plasma volume (PV), haematocrit, urinary noradrenaline (U‐NA) and urinary 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxymandelic acid (U‐VMA) in normotensive men with (n=17) and without (n=15) familial predisposition to hypertension. All measurements were done during habitual salt intake and after four weeks of increased salt intake (ordinary intake + 12 g NaC1/daily). On ordinary salt intake, ER‐22Na, NaE, blood pressure, PV, haematocrit, U‐NA and U‐VMA did not differ between the groups thus indicating a normal sodium turnover in both groups and a comparable activity of the sympathetic nervous system. After 10 days of high salt intake those without familial predisposition showed signs of volume expansion and decreased sympathetic activity and those with such predisposition showed insignificant changes in the same direction. After four weeks of increased salt intake, ER‐22Na had increased significantly and equally in both groups, while blood pressure and NaEremained unchanged. This indicates that the predisposed individuals had a normal ability to cope with a prolonged incr

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1984.tb03817.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTen middle‐aged moderately obese men with untreated mild hypertension were studied during a 6‐week weight maintenance period and a 9‐week period on a diet containing 5 MJ when body mass decreased by 8.4 kg (SE 1.4). According to urinary sodium excretion there was a mean reduction of 89 mmol/day (SE 16) in sodium intake. Mean arterial pressure fell by 2.5 to 14.1 mmHg (95% confidence interval) which was correlated to the reduction of body mass. The sympathetic nervous activity diminished with decreasing noradrenaline excretion and heart rate. There were no changes in the renin‐aldosterone system. Estimation of the body composition with a four‐compartment model utilizing determinations of body mass, total body potassium and total body water (TBW) showed reductions of body fat (8.4 kg (SE 1.4)) and body cell mass (BCM) (2.4 kg (SE 0.6)), but not of TBW. Extracellular water (ECW) increased significantly as judged from ECW/BCM calculations. Plasma volume was determined by Evan's blue and did not change significantly. We suggest that the observed changes in body composition represent one aspect of the adjustment to a weight reducing diet, while blood pressure is lowered by another mechanism in the adaptive response to dieting, i.e. reduction in sympathetic nervous

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1984.tb03818.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwenty normotensive healthy male offspring of hypertensive patients were compared to 20 adequate controls regarding venous volume, the effect of ouabain on venous volume and signs of left ventricular hypertrophy. Among offspring there were slightly increased amplitudes in the orthogonal ECG as compared to controls but the differences were not statistically significant. Using a plethysmographic technique we found a significantly lower venous volume of the forearm in the offspring than in controls. There was, however, no effect of ouabain on the venous volume. The decreased venous distensibility among normotensive offspring might be an early manifestation of essential hypertension.

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1984.tb03819.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe urinary excretion of catecholamine metabolites was studied by means of gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry in 38 hypertensive patients on a moderately sodium‐restricted diet during hospitalization. Twenty‐four patients had established hypertension (EHT) and 14 borderline hypertension (BHT) with mean basal morning blood pressures of 155+14/101+8 and 132+9/87+4 mmHg, respectively. In these two groups of hypertensive patients the mean daily excretion of 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxymandelic acid (VMA) was 13.3+5.9 vs. 14.0+6.3 nmol/ml and of 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐phenylglycol (HMPG) 7.8+4.1 vs. 7.0+3.9 nmol/ml. These concentrations were not significantly different from the corresponding values of 18 normotensive control persons (mean ambulatory blood pressure 121+10/74+9 mmHg, VMA 12.3+5.5 nmol/ml, HMPG 9.6+3.9 nmol/ml). The normotensive individuals excreted 23.7+8.9 nmol/ml of homovanillic acid (HVA), while the two groups of hypertensive patients showed significantly lower HVA excretion, EHT 17.6+6.2 nmol/ml and BHT 16.1+5.9 nmol/ml (p<0.05). Our findings support the view that no generalized increase in sympathetic activity exists in EHT or BHT. In BHT, but not in EHT, there were correlations between catecholamine metabolite excretion and body weight. The biological significance of the lower HVA concentrations in hypertensive patients compared to control indiv

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1984.tb03820.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA cross‐sectional sample of 122 middle‐aged and elderly long‐time active, well‐trained male cross‐country skiers were studied in 1976 to assess the prevalence of possible latent coronary heart disease (CHD). One hundred and seventeen skiers were reexamined five years later to assess the prognostic significance of a number of ECG aberrations encountered in 1976, and to assess the CHD incidence among athletes. One had died and four did not participate in the restudy, but none of these five men had had cardiac disease. The findings at the time of the two surveys were remarkably similar. All had excellent physical performance and a stable life habit pattern. Only three had given up regular training in the observation period. There was a very high prevalence of sinus bradycardia, first degree AV blocks, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and incomplete right bundle branch block. Pathologic exercise ECGs were found on both occasions. Of 23 men with “pathologic” exercise ECG, 21 had LVH. Five had codable Q waves according to the Minnesota code, but none had symptoms of CHD. Two developed angina pectoris during the follow‐up and none had had myocardial infarction. It is concluded that the large number of ECG aberrations found in middle‐aged and elderly athletes are mainly related to physiological adaptation to training and that training seems to pr

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1984.tb03821.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe association between cerebral ischaemic attacks (CIA) and mitral valve prolapse (MVP) was investigated in a blinded study of 30 consecutive patients with cerebrovascular disease and 30 control patients matched by age, sex, and immediately apparent neurological signs. All patients were below the age of 40 years. Phonocardiography, motion‐mode and two‐dimensional echocardiography were performed at rest and during various manoeuvres. MVP demonstrated by all three diagnostic modalities was classified as definite and prolapse in at least one but not in all three tests was designated as ambiguous. Regarding the frequency of definite MVP, no statistically significant difference was demonstrated between patients with CIA (3%) and controls (0%). Ambiguous MVP was rather common in patients with cerebrovascular disease (13%) but equally frequent in control patients (20%). It is concluded that MVP does not appear particularly common in Northern Europe in younger patients with cerebral ischaemic eve

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1984.tb03822.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe results of renal transplantation in patients with diabetes mellitus were studied in 100 consecutive patients transplanted between Dec. 1972 and June 1982. The study period was divided into two parts, 1972–76 (era I, 21 patients, 18 with juvenile onset diabetes) and 1977–82 (era II, 79 patients, 72 with juvenile onset diabetes). A group of 168 non‐diabetic patients, aged 20–54 years, receiving primary grafts during the same period served as controls to the 72 juvenile onset diabetics from era II. The three‐year actuarial patient survival of transplanted diabetics improved from 48 % during era I to 76 % during era II and was then not significantly inferior to that of the non‐diabetic controls. The three‐year actuarial graft survival rate was significantly higher for recipients of kidneys from living related donors than for those who had received kidneys from cadaveric donors (CD) among both diabetic and non‐diabetic patients. However, the three‐year graft survival rate was significantly higher (56%) for non‐diabetic than diabetic CD recipients (37%). The overall survival in diabetes mellitus was strongly influenced by the outcome of retransplantation during era II (12 patients). Thus, 69 patients were alive, 64 with a functioning graft, at the end of the

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1984.tb03823.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent work has shown that esterification of retinol in microsomes from rat liver, mammary gland and small intestine and from human small intestine is catalyzed by an acyl CoA: retinol acyl transferase (ARAT). The current study demonstrates ARAT activity in human liver microsomes. At optimal incubation conditions the rate of retinyl ester formation due to ARAT (0.37+0.31 nmole ester formed mg microsomal protein‐1.minute‐1, mean+SD,n=6) suggests that the enzyme is of physiological importa

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1984.tb03824.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY