ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1976.tb08370.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Primary results and follow‐up observations in 90 patients with permanent endocardial pacing–covering the period from 1970 to June 1974–are reported. The primary mortality was 3% (3/90), and late mortality 4% (4/90). Electrode complications were the most common problem and occurred in 20% of implantations. Early or late dislocation of the electrode tip was seen in 12%. With the improved technique is was possible to decrease it significantly through the period. The mean battery life time of Siemens‐Elema pacemakers was 26 months. 10% of the failed batteries were replaced urgently. So far the rather high frequency of electrode complications diminishes the advantages of the pacemaker tr

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1976.tb08371.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.In 362 patients on permanent pacing, a follow up with regard to pacemaker electrode function time and connection to pulse‐generators has been carried out. In 12 patients Elema epicardial electrode were used with an average function time of 3.8 years. 232 Elema EMT 588 endocardial electrodes were used in 216 patients. Average observation time for the electrodes was 3.3 years. Sixty‐eight electrodes have been followed for more than 5 years. Early electrode complications comprise 10 per cent of displacements before implantation of the pulse‐generator and another 6 per cent of electrode displacements within the first 3 months after implantation. Eleven per cent of the electrodes had to be corrected due to high threshold value before implantation and another 6 per cent during the first 3 months after implantation of pulse‐generator.On hundred and fifty‐five unipolar electrodes of the types Cordis, Medtronic, Eletna EMT 282, and Stanium were implanted in 149 patients. Average observation time for the electrodes was 1.2 years. During the first 3 months after pacemaker implant 7 per cent of the electrodes were dislocated, 5 per cent failed due to high threshold value. Three perforations of the right ventricle occurred, without serious complications. Late complications i. e. after 3 months, for the EMT 588 electrode included 4 percent electrode dislocations, 4.5 per cent failure due to high threshold, 3 cases of wire break and 4 defects in the insulation. Many of the late electrode complications were probably caused by replacement operations for pulse‐generators. The most frequent late complications for the conventional unipolar electrode was wire break which occurred

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1976.tb08372.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The different complications of endocardial electrode systems in 185 patients during the last seven years are discussed. The surgical technique for the now routinely used cephalic route is described. The choice of anaesthesia is discussed. In the last 39 implantations there have not been any displacements or retractions. Of the total numer of patients only 3 required replacement of endocardial by myocardial electrodes. This was caused by unstable position and high stimulation threshold.

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1976.tb08373.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The implantation of a permanent pacemaker has been carried out on 159 patients suffering from Adams‐Stokes seizures. Elema 588 B electrodes were implanted in 119 patients and Chardack 5818 electrodes in 40 patients.The two types of electrodes differ with regard to both the implantation technique and weight and thickness. No difference was found in the incidence of electrode displacement or survival between the two groups, similarly the experience of the physician with regard to implantation had no influence on the frequency of displacement.Displacement on the other hand occurred significantly more frequently in those patients suffering from heart disease demonstrable by x‐ray examinat

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1976.tb08374.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Results of a follow‐up study of 125 patients treated with permanent pacemakers at Gentofte Hospital during the years 1962–1973 are presented. Complications with endocardial electrodes are reported and longevity curves of pacemaker units are given.The series shows a high frequency of electrode displacement in the first three months and battery exhaustion from the 18th to the 42nd month.The appearence of complications correlates with the frequences of check‐up intervals.In order to predict pacing failure due to battery exhaustion, there would seem to be some merit in carrying out an oscilloscopic display of the pulse artifact in addition to the usual measurement of pulse frequency.The aim of this retrospective report is, by analysing a pacemaker series for sudden electrode failures and battery longevity, to comment on the value of check‐up procedures in an outpatient pacemaker

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1976.tb08375.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Electrode complications in a series of 220 patients are presented. At the primary pacemaker implantation, 114 patients received transvenous and 106 transthoracic electrodes. For the transvenous technique the Elema unipolar electrode (EMT 588 and 588 B) was used exclusively and for the transthoracic technique an epicardial disc electrode (EMT 567) was used in 64 per cent and myocardial electrodes (Vitatron MIP 125, Medtronic 5814 and 6913) in 36 per cent. The material was followed up for an average of three years (from 2 to 10 years).The dislocation frequency of transvenous electrodes was 10.4 per cent/patient‐year, as 21 per cent of the electrodes became dislodged. Of the electrode dislocations, forty per cent occurred within the first post‐implantation month. Exit block at stimulation with transthoracic electrodes was seen in 8.1 per cent/patient‐year. Infections were more common with the transvenous than with the other types of electrodes.The myocardial electrode was significantly (p<0.05) more reliable than the transvenous electrode during the follow‐up evaluated in terms of uncomplicated function time of the primary electrode.As in Helsinki both endocardial and myocardialepicardial pacemaker electrodes have been used it seems to be of interest to report the results from our pacemaker m

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1976.tb08376.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The first experiences with a new myocardial sutureless screw‐in electrode for cardiac pacing are reported. A brief description of the technique is given. The electrode can be inserted quickly and safely under direct vision through a small anterior thoracotomy using a special inserter tool. The heart can be brought under pacemaker control in less than 5 minutes. The technique was employed in 15 patients. Results to date are promising and it is suggested that this method should be resorted to in cases of unstable pacing or recurrent dislocation of an endocardial lead, or when there are difficulties in the proper positioning of an electrode transvenously.In Sweden endocardial electrodes for transvenous insertion predominate. In many countries, especially the U. S. A., there is extensive experience of epior myocardial pacing leads (2, 4, 5). Some authors consider epicardial pacemakers safer than endocardial pacemakers for permanent cardiac pacing (8).We have observed defective or unstable pacing with an endocardial electrode in a high proportion of patients in our series early after the implantation and even after many years of perfect pacing. When there are problems with an endocardial lead an epi‐ or myocardial electrode can be used. This paper reports experiences with a new sutureless myocardial electrode (Medtronic model 69

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1976.tb08377.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1976.tb08378.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.281 patients who had permanent pacemaker implanted between 1961‐73 have been checked at 4 month intervals over a period of 1 to 13 years. Complications from the pacemaker pocket comprises haematoma, skin necrosis, infection of the pocket, allergic reaction to the pulse generator, pacemaker twiddlers syndrome, and muscle contractions. The causes for and treatment of 11 cases with haematoma, skin necrosis or infection are dealt with in detai

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1976.tb08379.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY