ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1988.tb17684.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTEleven moderately obese women, aged 46–62 years, with a body mass index of 29–34 and with borderline hypertension (repeated diastolic blood pressure>90 mmHg) fasted for 48 hours. Before the fast and after 48 hours of fasting, plasma noradrenaline, urinary noradrenaline, urine potassium, urine sodium and weight were measured. In six of the patients muscle nerve sympathetic activity was recorded from the peroneal nerve by tungsten micro‐electrodes for 15 min each time. The efferent muscle sympathetic activity (MSA) was expressed as the number of bursts/min. The recordings were done before the fast and after 48 hours of fasting. We found significant decreases in body weight from 88.4±2.5 kg to 86.4±2.5 kg. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was reduced from 158±3 mmHg to 146±5 mmHg (p<0.001) and diastolic BP from 96±3 mmHg to 89±3 mmHg (p<0.01) during the fast. MSA was significantly increased from 42.0±5.5 bursts/min to 44.5±5.8 (n=6), while plasma and urine noradrenaline concentrations (n= 11) showed a non‐significant tendency to increase. We conclude that the hypotensive response during the first days of extensive caloric reduction is not due to a decreased sympathetic activity. If anything, there may be weak increase of efferent sympathetic nerve activity and venous plasma levels of circulating noradrenaline. The mechanisms behind the acute hypotensive response to negative caloric balance are thus still unclear, but obviously different from long‐term adaptation of t

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1988.tb17685.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwo subgroups of healthy males from an inland and a coastal community in Norway with a traditionally low and high consumption of dietary fish were given a dietary supplement of 20 ml cod liver oil rich in n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for 3 weeks. Cod liver oil induced an increase in serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in men from the inland. Both groups showed a prolonged primary bleeding time, whereas platelet aggregation and thromboxane A2production induced by collagen were mainly unaffected. Platelet phospholipid fatty acids showed similar changes in both groups with a decrease in n‐6 and an increase in n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. No changes were observed in total cholesterol or platelet phospholipid content. This study shows that dietary supplement with cod liver oil induces changes in serum lipids and platelets that may reduce the tendency to thrombosis both in subjects with a low and in those with a high intake of dietary fish. The effects were more pronounced in the subjects with a traditionally low fish consum

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1988.tb17686.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwenty healthy individuals (15 men and 5 women) with initial fasting serum triglycerides ≥1.80 mmol/l and euglobulin clot lysis time after venous occlusion ≥60 min (upper normal limit 45 min) were tested for fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion and intravenous injection of desmopressin (DDAVP), serum lipids, serum glucose and relative body weight before and after a minimum of 3 to a maximum of 12 months' diet intervention. In order to be defined as a good diet responder, at least 20% reduction of the initial serum triglyceride concentration was required. At the end of the study, half of the participants (7 men and 3 women) met the criteria of good diet responders. All of these showed an improved fibrinolytic response to DDAVP injection, and 7 out of 10 had a normalized fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion. We conclude that, through dietary measures with substantial reduction of hypertriglyceridaemia, it is possible to improve and even normalize the fibrinolytic potent

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1988.tb17687.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe effect of body weight on total body potassium, skeletal muscle electrolytes and fat content was studied in seven lean and seven obese middle‐aged men and seven lean and eight obese middle‐aged women. Total body potassium and total body fat increased with body weight (p<0.01 and<0.05 for men, andp<0.05 andp<0.001 for women, respectively). So did muscle fat in men (p<0.01), while muscle tissue potassium was decreased in both obese men (p<0.001) and obese women (p<0.05). The skeletal muscle Na/K‐ratio tended to be higher in obese men (p<0.1) but was not related to body weight in women. Skeletal muscle magnesium was higher (p<0.01) in obese men than in lean men. No differences between lean and obese women were found. Obese men had higher diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05) than lean men, while there was no difference between obese and lean women. Compared with lean subjects, obese subjects thus had lower relative skeletal muscle mass and men, especially, had more fat and less potassium in the skeletal m

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1988.tb17688.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe efficacy and safety of propafenone, 150 mg four times daily, were compared with those of disopyramide, 100 mg four times daily, in a randomized single‐blind, cross‐over study in 38 patients with symptomatic premature ventricular complexes (PVCs). The 24‐hour ambulatory ECG, employed for assessing antiarrhythmic efficacy, was analyzed blindly. The median reduction in the number of PVCs was higher with propafenone than with disopyramide (91.4% vs. 63.5%, respectively,p<0.01). A reduction of at least 80% was achieved by propafenone in 22 (59%) and by disopyramide in 16 patients (43%) (NS). Ventricular tachycardias (VTs) were abolished by propafenone in eight out of 11, and by disopyramide in five out of nine patients with VTs (NS) A possible proarrhythmic effect was seen in three patients during disopyramide and in one patient during propafenone treatment. Micturition disturbances (p<0.001) and a dry mouth (p<0.01) were more commonly associated with disopyramide than with propafenone. In conclusion, in the given dosages, propafenone was superior to disopyramide in suppressing PVCs and had fewer side‐

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1988.tb17689.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn two studies of hypertensive patients the relationship between β‐blocker‐induced CNS side‐effects and the nightly urinary secretion of melatonin was analysed. In one group (n=10) placebo, atenolol (mean dose 86 mg/day) or propranolol (mean dose 305 mg/day) were given in a double‐blind, randomised design. In the other (n= 13) 100–400 mg metoprolol was given daily (mean dose 197 mg). After 4 weeks of treatment all β‐blockers reduced melatonin excretion, but the effect was significant only for metoprolol. Sleep disturbance records revealed more disturbed nights in the metoprolol group compared with the propranolol and the atenolol groups, even when the difference in age between the groups was controlled for. In the metoprolol group a significant relationship (p<0.05) was found between the fall in melatonin and the percentage of disturbed nights. Severe CNS side‐effects, such as nightmares, occurred only in patients treated with metoprolol (21%), which in all cases were accompanied by low levels of melatonin. Our data suggest that the CNS side‐effects during β‐blockade are related to a reduction

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1988.tb17690.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThirty‐seven patients with a supine systolic blood pressure>160 and/or a diastolic blood pressure>95 mmHg were enrolled in the study and treated for 6 months with prazosin and 6 months with metoprolol (in random order). Neither the systolic nor the diastolic blood pressures differed after the two types of treatment (median difference 0/0 mmHg). The mean and median differences in serum cholesterol, however, were 0.4 and 0.3 mmol/l respectively, which were 9 and 5% of the pretreatment values. The corresponding differences in the atherogenic index (in which cholesterol in high density lipoproteins is integrated) were 10 and 8% of the pretreatment values. This difference in the metabolic response to the two drugs at the same blood pressure level is most probably of importance in the long‐term prevention of ischaemic heart disease, for which high levels of serum cholesterol and atherogenic index are major risk fact

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1988.tb17691.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTWe surveyed the 270 survivors of acute myocardial infarction who refused to participate in the Warfarin Re‐Infarction Study (WARIS). Information on medical variables were derived from registration forms completed by hospital staff upon discharge, whereas data on a variety of health conditions and reasons for refusal were gathered by mailed questionnaires, 178 (66%) of which were returned. Some disparities were found when comparing non‐respondents and participants, the former showing more potential bad risk factors. The diversities between participants and non‐respondents are of yet unknown prognostic importance. However, the presence of such differences imply that information on characteristics of non‐respondents in clinical trials is desirable in terms of generalizability of the trial results. Reasons stated for non‐participation reflect poor motivation, low mobility and saturation with focusing on disease. A slight co‐variation between social status and reasons for refusa

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1988.tb17692.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe frequency of nocturnal hypoglycaemia, i.e. blood glucose concentration (BG)<3.0 mmol/l, was evaluated in consecutively selected insulin‐dependent patients on multiple insulin injections (MII),n=23, or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusions (CSII),n=25. Blood was sampled hourly from 23.00 to 07.00. Seven patients (30%) on MII had at least one BG<3.0 mmol/l during the night. Eleven patients (44%) on CSII had hypoglycaemia (NS). The total number of BGs<3.0 mmol/l was higher on CSII, 42 of 225, versus 16 of 207 on MII (p<0.025). The duration of hypoglycaemia was 2 hours (range 1–6) on MII and 4 hours (range 1–7) on CSII with a maximal prevalence at 4 hours and between 5 and 7 hours, respectively (p=<0.05). The frequency of nocturnal hypoglycaemia is high in patients on intensified insulin regimens. Nocturnal hypoglycaemia occurs later in the night and is of longer duration on CSII than on MIL HbA1c, BG before bedtime and in the morning might be useful in the evaluation of nocturnal hypoglyc

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1988.tb17693.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY