ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1982.tb07693.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.In an attempt to examine the influence of sulfonylurea on the secretion, disposition and effect of insulin, 9 diabetic patients were studied during three one‐month medications with (a) chlorpropamide (t½>24 h) once daily, (b) glipizide (t½2–4 h) once daily, and (c) glipizide in divided dosage. The food intake of each patient was identical during each examination period. Blood concentrations of C‐peptide, insulin, glucose, and drugs were determined before and after breakfast and lunch on the 4th day of each examination period. As expected, once‐daily administration of glipizide led to higher after‐breakfast concentrations of the drug than when the dose was divided. However, the C‐peptide changes following breakfast were similar both during these two treatments and also during chlorpropamide, indicating that the amounts of insulin released from the pancreas were equivalent. In spite of this, glipizide once daily yielded 60–70% more insulin in systemic blood following breakfast than did the two other treatments. Reasonably, this signifies that the hepatic extraction of insulin was reduced during once‐daily glipizide, allowing more insulin to reach systemic circulation. In addition, this was found to promote a more effective utilization of glucose following breakfast. Following lunch, the C‐peptide release, the plasma insulin increase and the blood glucose reduction were greater when glipizide was given in divided dosage than when once‐daily glipizide or chlorpropamide was employed. This occurred even though the after‐lunch concentration of glipizide in systemic blood was lower rather than higher during divided than during once‐daily administration. This supports the notion that the effect of orally administered sulfonylurea is determined not only by its concentration in systemic blood but also by its gastroenterohepatic appearance. Glipizide may offer greater therapeutic flexibility than chlorpropamide, but further studies are required to define the optimum choice

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1982.tb07694.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Plasma immunoreactive insulin and C‐peptide were measured in the basal and glucosestimulated state in middle‐aged males. Normals were compared with individuals with mild to moderate glucose intolerance. The results demonstrate the value of C‐peptide measurements in the assessment of “true” insulin secretion and suggest that a reduced hepatic insulin extraction is a feature of the glucose intoler

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1982.tb07695.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The relationship between erythrocyte insulin receptors and the reticulocytes were studied in a group with a varying degree of reticulocytosis. The maximal125I‐insulin binding to erythrocytes varied between 6% and 37% and it showed a highly significant positive correlation with the reticulocyte count (r= 0.85). The highest binding was found in a patient with hereditary spherocytosis and very active hematopoiesis (312 × 109reticulocytes per litre). The results suggest that insulin receptors are predominantly localized to the young erythrocytes, and that further studies are needed to characterize the dependence of the receptor on erythrocyte maturati

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1982.tb07696.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The deterioration of the circulation in small and large vessels in diabetes seems to be related to abnormalities of the function of the endothelial cells and of the platelets. The endothelial factor VIII R:Ag, enhancing platelet adhesion, is increased, while fibrinolysis is decreased. The balance between thromboxane (platelet‐aggregating) and prostacyclin (desaggregating) is also shifted in a similar way. These changes all favour increased deposition and delayed removal of platelets and fibrin on the intima, and they might contribute markedly to the development of diabetic angiopathy. Some new drugs seem to normalize the endothelial fibrinolytic activity, and long term studies are in progress to evaluate if this improvement is parallelled by a delayed or absent development of vascular complication

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1982.tb07697.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Seventy patients with non‐insulin dependent diabetes (NIDD) were studied for the chlorpropamide‐alcohol flush (CPAF), first degree family history of diabetes, macroangiopathy and for peripheral neuropathy. Positive CPAF challenge tests were found in 65% of the tested subjects and in 77% if there was a family history of diabetes. Signs of macroangiopathy (loss of foot pulses) were significantly (p<0.05) less common in the CPAF positive than in the CPAF negative diabetics with a duration of diabetes of ten years or less. With a longer duration this difference between the two groups was reduced. Also signs of peripheral neuropathy (abnormal vibration sense) were less common (p<0.05) in the CPAF positive diabetics than in the CPAF negative. Previously a low prevalence of retinopathy in the CPAF positive non‐insulin dependent diabetics has been reported. We have shown that this is also true of peripheral macroangiopahy and peripheral neuropathy. Chlorpropamide‐alcohol flushing seems to be related to a relative protection against late complications in diabetes and the test might be used to find patients

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1982.tb07698.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.In a pilot study six patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes, three positive and three negative to chlorpropamide‐alcohol flushing (CPAF), were tested. The patients were tested both without and with chlorpropamide premedication. Blood kinin concentrations were determined before and after ingestion of small quantities of alcohol. No rise in blood kinin concentrations were found during the flush suggesting that kinins do not play a major part in chlorpropamide‐alcohol flush

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1982.tb07699.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis by human diabetic, non‐diabetic, and embryonic cells was studied. No effect of insulin on net synthesis was noted. Thus, the data do not indicate a role for total sulfated glycosaminoglycan production in the diabetic connective tissue disturbance mediated by insuli

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1982.tb07700.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1982.tb07701.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Recent studies have indicated that diets rich in digestible carbohydrates and dietary fibre might be beneficial in the regulation of type II non insulin dependent diabetes (NIDD). Addition of the gel forming type of dietary fibre such as pectin and guar gum to meals or glucose solutions reduces postprandial glucose and insulin response. Addition of cereal fibres in the form of bran seems to have long term beneficial effect improving glucose tolerance. Little is known, however, concerning effects of dietary fibre naturally occurring in food on postprandial glucose and hormone response. In the present study we prepared two breakfast meals which were similar regarding digestible carbohydrates but differed in their dietary fibre content. One of the meals, including whole grain bread and whole apples, contained 8.4 g of dietary fibre, and the other one, containing white bread and apple juice, 3.1 g. When given to eight NIDD, the fibre rich breakfast gave significantly lower blood glucose increment during the three hours following ingestion. The results indicate that foods rich in dietary fibre might be useful in the regulation of type II diabetes.

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1982.tb07702.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY