ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb08840.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The effect of three different nutrition counselling programs on well established hypertension was studied in 64 obese patients regularly attending a hypertension clinic. The 12‐month program of weekly‐monthly group sessions focused on weight reduction (W group,n= 24), salt restriction (S group,n= 17) or both (WS group,n= 23). The mean (± SEM) weight decreased by 6.9 ± 0.7 kg in the W group (p<0.001) and by 5.0 ± 0.6 kg (p<0.001) in the WS group during the first three months of the study and levelled off thereafter. The weight changes in the S group were small during the trial. The mean 24‐hour urinary sodium excretion in the WS and S groups was reduced by about 35 and 50 mmol, respectively, during the first months of the study, and fell thereafter somewhat in the S group but not in the WS group. Sodium excretion remained unchanged in the W group. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) fell significantly in the W and WS groups during the first months of the study. BP remained thereafter stable in most patients but declined further in one fifth of them. BP changed little during the trial in the S group. By 12 months, BP control was improved in 67, 61 and 12% of the patients in the W, WS and S groups, respectively. Improved BP control was strongly related to weight loss but not to reduced sodium excretion. Weight reduction programs with even modest success help most obese patients with established hypertension, whereas moderate salt intake restriction gives little added

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb08841.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Thirty middle‐aged, moderately obese men with untreated mild hypertension were allocated to two groups of 15 men each. Both groups were placed on energy‐reduced diets (5.1 MJ/day) for 9–11 weeks which resulted in similar losses of body mass (8.5 kg). In group I the low energy diet was supplemented with sodium chloride leading to no change in urinary sodium excretion. During dieting there were significant reductions of plasma renin activity (PRA) and urinary excretion of noradrenaline and aldosterone. Heart rate but not mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased significantly. Then followed a period of sodium restriction which resulted in a significant decrease in MAP and an increase in aldosterone excretion. In group II there was a reduction of sodium intake by about 80 mmol as judged from determinations of urinary sodium excretion. In this group the energy restriction was not accompanied by any changes in PRA or urinary excretion of aldosterone, whereas urinary noradrenaline excretion, heart rate and MAP decreased significantly. Urinary adrenaline excretion remained unchanged. It is concluded that the hypotensive response to moderate energy and sodium reduction cannot be explained by changes in the renin‐aldosterone

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb08842.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The antihypertensive effect and patient tolerability during 12 weeks' treatment with atenolol and bendroflumethiazide were evaluated in an open, randomized, between‐patient trial. Out of a total of 162 patients, aged 50–75 years, with previously untreated hypertension, 151 completed the trial. They were randomly allocated to two groups. Forty‐nine patients, aged 50–64 years (middle‐aged), and 23, aged 65–75 years (elderly), were treated with atenolol. Forty middle‐aged and 39 elderly were treated with bendroflumethiazide. Significant reductions in blood pressure (BP) were observed during treatment with each drug (p<0.001). The change in diastolic BP in middle‐aged patients was significant in favour of atenolol (p<0.01), but otherwise no difference was found between the two drugs. Uric acid increased during treatment with both drugs (p<0.001). Serum potassium decreased during bendroflumethiazide treatment (p<0.001). Subjective side‐effects of both drugs were few and expected. The results of this study indicate that atenolol and bendroflumethiazide are equally effective in reducing BP in patients

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb08843.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.In an area of south‐western Finland with 195 000 inhabitants and a highly centralized health care system, all subjects with elevated serum creatinine (≥230 μmol/1) were registered on the basis of data collected from all hospitals and clinical laboratories of the region. The prevalence of chronic renal failure (S‐creatinine ≥230 μmol/1) was 67 per 100 000 inhabitants and that of severe chronic renal failure (S‐creatinine ≥500 μmol/1) 12.3/105. The annual incidence of chronic renal failure (S‐creatinine ≥230 μmol/1) was 31.7 per 100 000 inhabitants and that of severe chronic renal failure (S‐creatinine ≥500 μmol/1) 11.9/105. Age‐specific prevalences and incidences rose progressively with age and were very high in the aged population. Chronic interstitial nephritis, in a broad sense, was the most common cause of chronic renal failure, and it was related to analgesic abuse in about half of the cases. Eleven of 68 subjects entering the study with a serum creatinine ≥500 μmol/1 had no previous knowledge o

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb08844.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.In a preoperative evaluation, 35 consecutive patients with aortic stenosis were examined by means of exercise ECG, Doppler and direct manometric measurements of the pressure difference over the aortic valve (ΔP) and angiocardiography. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was found in 43% of the patients. Those with CAD had a lower mean maximum physical performance expressed as a percentage of the normal value (Wmax%), larger ST depressions and a higher effort angina (EA) score at the exercise test than the non‐CAD group. Mean ΔP was equal in the two groups. A myocardial coronary obstruction score covariated positively with a coronary insufficiency index (CT index = 100‐STdepr/ Wmax%) and the EA score. There was no correlation between AP and the EA score or the CI index. A CI index<3 and an EA score<2 were found in 49% of the patients and excluded the presence of CAD with a predictive accuracy of 88 %, a better diagnostic complement to coronary arteriography than a history

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb08845.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.In a rare familial condition, fish eye disease, there is a low relative content of cholesteryl esters in the plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) but a normal content of these lipids in the very low (VLDL) and low (LDL) density lipoproteins. Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) is the enzyme which mediates the esterification of free cholesterol in the plasma lipoproteins. In the present investigation, isolated HDL from our two fish eye disease patients were found to be excellent substrates during in vitro incubations with normal LCAT as present in lipoprotein depleted plasma from control subjects. Almost all free cholesterol of these HDL fractions became esterified and concomitantly the abnormally small fish eye disease HDL particles increased to a size in the range of that of normal HDL particles. Lipoprotein depleted plasma from fish eye disease, however, lacked the property of normal plasma to esterify the free cholesterol of HDL isolated from plasma of fish eye disease patients or control subjects. These results have led to the formulation of a new concept implying that two different LCAT activities exist in normal plasma. One of these activities, denotedα‐LCAT, is specific for HDL (α‐lipoproteins) and the other,β‐LCAT, is specific for VLDL‐LDL (preβ‐andβ‐lipoproteins). Fish eye disease according to this notion is classified as anα‐LCAT deficiency in contrast to the classical LCAT deficiency which probably lacks bothα

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb08846.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The present study was undertaken to test our hypothesis that two different lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activities exist in normal human plasma, one denotedα‐LCAT esterifying the free cholesterol of high density lipoproteins (HDL) and the other denotedβ‐LCAT acting on the free cholesterol of very low (VLDL) and low (LDL) density lipoproteins. Plasmas depleted of HDL were obtained by means of preparative ultracentrifugation. Incubation at 37°C of these plasma fractions from control subjects and patients with fish eye disease resulted in esterification of the remaining free cholesterol of combined VLDL and LDL (pre‐β‐ andβ‐lipoproteins) in the HDL depleted plasmas. The shapes of the cholesterol esterification rate curves were similar for whole and HDL depleted plasmas from both control subjects and fish eye disease patients. In crosswise mixed incubation experiments with isolated combined VLD and LDL and total lipoprotein depleted plasma from a control subject and a patient with fish eye disease, respectively, esterification of free cholesterol occurred. Incubation of isolated total lipoproteins in plasma from a patient with LCAT deficiency mixed with total lipoprotein depleted plasma from a fish eye disease patient as a source of LCAT caused cholesterol esterification but did not result in normalization of the LCAT deficiency HDL particles, while the amount of normal‐sized LDL particles increased. The present results support the hypothesis thatβ‐LCAT exists in

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb08847.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.In this 19‐year follow‐up of the Stockholm Prospective Study (SPS), 321 male and 55 female deaths from myocardial infarction (MI) had occurred. Fasting levels of plasma triglycerides acted as an independent risk factor for this cause of death in both sexes, which was the primary question asked when the SPS was designed. Other independent risk factors for MI were for men and women age, systolic blood pressure, smoking and for men only, plasma cholesterol, haemoglobin and erythrocyte sedimentation r

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb08848.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The effects on plasma lipids, blood glucose and serum insulin levels of oral administration of trimazosin and pindolol over a 6‐month period were studied in 11 patients with essential hypertension. Total plasma cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations were higher (p<0.05) after one month's treatment with trimazosin than basal values, but the significance of changes disappeared with continuation of treatment. The concentrations of plasma triglycerides, VLDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and free fatty acids and the HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio remained about constant during treatment with trimazosin. During pindolol treatment the plasma levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were slightly but not significantly lowered at 3 and 6 months. The levels of plasma triglycerides, VLDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol remained about constant and the ratio of HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol had increased slightly (p<0.05) at 3 months. Serum free fatty acid concentration decreased significantly. There were no significant differences between plasma lipid levels during either trimazosin or pindolol treatment. Blood glucose concentrations showed a slight tendency to increase during the treatment periods, but no impairment in insulin release was foun

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb08849.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY