ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1987.tb05921.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1987.tb05922.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn the population of Danish young men, whose height and weight have been measured at the draft boards since 1943, a sudden steep increase occurred after 1960 in the prevalence of severe obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥31 kg/m2). The increase appeared to be independent of height, homogeneous over the range of severe obesity, unaccompanied by any change in the psychosocial correlates, linked to the birth cohorts, and specific for the severely obese. The cause of the increase in prevalence must be of an environmental nature. Investigation of the developmental course through the school ages and distributional changes over time among school children suggests that the increase in prevalence of severe obesity among young men is due to an increased persistence of obesity through adolescence, which parallels the development of welfare conditions in this countr

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1987.tb05923.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTen years' follow‐up of mortality of 1.7 million persons aged 15 years or more with measured body weight and height demonstrates a consistent correlation between body mass index and mortality. The risk function is an asymmetrical U‐function. This shape makes the determination of an optimum very uncertain. The two tails in the distribution of the body mass index show marked differences as to the causes of death: the lower tail is characterized by tuberculosis, lung cancer, obstructive lung diseases, and the upper tail by cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and (for males) colon can

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1987.tb05924.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTMeasurements of height, weight, skinfolds and waist girth were used as indicators of general and regional obesity in the Framingham study population of 5209 men and women. Mean values of cholesterol, blood pressure, blood glucose and uric acid increased with increasing body mass index (BMI). Weight gain was associated with increases and weight loss with decreases in these risk factors. Cigarette smoking was more prevalent in men and women with low quintile BMI. Upper quintile values of BMI, subscapular skinfolds, and waist girth were associated with increased relative risks of death from all causes, coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular disease but relative risks for intermittent claudication were not increased. General and central obesity each made independent contributions to risk of CHD but central obesity was a better predictor in males. BMI, cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and blood glucose were significantly independent predictors of CHD. These data show that increased relative weight and central obesity are associated with elevated levels of risk factors, with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and with increased death rates for all causes combined. Mortality rates are also increased among the leanest members of the population, especially among older men.

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1987.tb05925.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It is well established that both overall obesity and unfavorable body fat distribution (predominantly truncal and/or upper body) are independently associated with a variety of undesirable metabolic consequences, among them elevated triglyceride and low HDL cholesterol concentrations, glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia, and an increased rate of type II or non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (1). Since Mexican Americans are more obese and have an unfavorable distribution of body fat compared to non‐Hispanics (2–9), and since they also display a less favorable metabolic profile compared to non‐Hispanics (2–5, 7, 10), we wondered if the anthropometric differences could account for the ethnic differences in metabolic profile. The analyses presented in this paper are designed to address th

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1987.tb05926.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTCross‐sectional studies have shown that a central distribution of adipose tissue is associated with increased risk of metabolic complications and cardiovascular morbidity. Four prospective studies in men are reviewed and they consistently indicate that central adipose tissue distribution is a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) and its predictive contribution seems almost to be in the same order as for the major risk factors for CHD. In one study there is an indication of decreasing predictive power of central adipose tissue distribution for CHD with increasing age. Abdominal adipose tissue distribution is also a risk factor for stroke, diabetes and sickness absenteeism, and for all cause mortality. It seems, however, not to be a predictor of degree of well‐being in general. The question of causality is not solved but indices of adipose tissue distribution should be included in future observational and experimental studies in this fi

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1987.tb05927.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe results presented in this paper concerning regional obesity as a health hazard in women refer to a 12‐year longitudinal population study of 1462 women, aged 38–60, which was carried out in Gothenburg, Sweden, in 1968–69. In univariate analysis the ratio of waist‐to‐hip circumference showed a significant positive association with the 12‐year incidence of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke, diabetes mellitus and death. The association with incidence of myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus remained in multivariate analysis. The relation between the ratio of waist‐to‐hip circumference and the end points studied was stronger than for any other anthropometric v

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1987.tb05928.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe physiology of the emotional response patterns to “stressful” psychosocial stimuli is surveyed. These limbic‐hypothalamic patterns are basically designed to protect the individual and species from adverse environmental influences in primitive life. Their expressions always form a triad, with a situation‐specific “somatomotor”‐behav‐ioural link, a “visceromotor”‐autonomic and a hormonal link, the latter two adjusting inner organs, metabolism, water‐salt balance, etc., to provide optimal support to the behavioural expression. Because of their uniformity throughout species, animal experiments have greatly contributed to our understanding of how these responses may also importantly contribute to common disorders in modern society, at least when intensely and/or commonly evoked. Thanks to our more advanced neocortex, man differs here from animals mainly in two ways. First, we learn to cope with some environmental stimuli and thus delimit undue emotional engagements; second, when once elicited we can often suppress the behavioural link, when this is socially appropriate. As we cannot suppress the autonomic‐hormonal links, however, they then occur more or less “in vain”, and such socially enforced dissociations of per se normal response patterns may not in the long run be healthy. Finally, the better known among these differentiated responses are briefly outlined, with particular emphasis on the potentially most important ones, the “defence reac

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1987.tb05929.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe relationships between regional obesity, atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis risk factors were studied in female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). In a retrospective necropsy study it was found that females with relatively high central: peripheral fat deposition had three times more extensive coronary artery atherosclerosis. In a second experiment it was found that females with high central fat ratios and females with high levels of whole body obesity were relatively hyperglycemic. In a third experiment it was found that females with relatively high whole body obesity, and females with relatively central fat deposition had higher blood pressures. Females with relatively central fat deposition had higher total and lower high density lipoprotein plasma cholesterol concentrations, and exacerbated coronary artery atherosclerosis. Social subordinates were more likely to exhibit a central fat deposition pattern than dominants. These findings suggest that female cynomolgus macaques may be a potential animal model of the health impact of regional obesity.

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1987.tb05930.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY