ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb01649.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTImportant developments in our understanding of the mechanism of action of methylxan‐thines have taken place in the last 10 years. A brief overview of these developments is provided below and the author concludes that the common view that theophylline (and caffeine) acts by raising the levels of cyclic AMP is generally untenable. Instead, many of the actions of the methylxanthines can be explained on the basis of their being antagonists of endogenous adenosine. However the mechanism behind the antiasthmatic effects of xanthines still remains unknown and further research is necessar

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb01650.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTFifty patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension were randomized (double‐blindly) to treatment with either captopril (n=26) or atenolol (n=24). Their mean supine diastolic blood pressure after placebo was 100–125 mmHg. The study included an initial dose finding phase (12 weeks) during which the dosages of captopril and atenolol were increased stepwise every second week in order to obtain normotension (supine diastolic blood pressure<95 mmHg). Hydrochlorothiazide was added when necessary. During the second phase of the study the patients were followed on active treatment for 2 years. After the initial 12 weeks of active treatment, recumbent and standing blood pressures had fallen significantly both in the captopril group (by 31/20 and 33/19 mmHg,p<0.001) and in the atenolol group (by 24/18 and 30/20 mmHg,p<0.01 (systolic),p<0.001 (diastolic)). The antihypertensive effect was maintained in both groups during long‐term treatment. The antihypertensive effect of both agents was potentiated to the same extent by addition of hydrochlorothiazide. Side‐effects were few and mild. It can be concluded that both captopril and atenolol are safe and effective antihypertensiv

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb01651.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTPath and segregation analyses have been performed on cholesterol and triglyceride contents of serum as well as on very low, low and high density lipoproteins in 78 Swedish nuclear families. The effect of environmental variables like alcohol and smoking on the concentrations of the different lipoproteins has been studied. Genetic heritability was 0.16‐0.68 for the cholesterol fractions and 0‐0.56 for the triglyceride fractions. No major gene was evident for any of the variables stud

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb01652.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe records of 46 patients with infective endocarditis diagnosed either clinically or postmortem were analyzed. Twenty‐six patients were over 60 years of age. S. aureus was the predominant organism, almost exclusively found in patients with acute endocarditis. Thirty‐six patients had pre‐existing heart disease, the most common being non‐rheumatic valvular calcification and congenital defects. Two thirds of the patients, especially those with aortic valve regurgitation, developed new or progressive heart failure. A correct clinical diagnosis was established in only 30 patients. Twenty‐three patients died, the mortality being 71% in acute and 32% in subacute disease. Only one of eight patients with prosthetic valve infection died. Four patients required urgent valve replacement. Early surgical intervention should be considered in patients with uncontrolled hear

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb01653.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAs exercise‐induced ST depressions are most frequent and marked in lead V5independent of which single coronary artery is obstructed, some other mechanisms of ST depressions than local ischemia should be searched for. Left ventricular hemodynamics during exercise was studied in two groups of patients with severe effort angina, 19 with and 12 without ST depression after exercise (STAE). During supine exercise until angina, stroke index became significantly lower (37 vs. 52 ml/m2) and left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP) significantly higher (40 vs. 30 mmHg) in the STAE group. The best discriminator was the early diastolic pressure (LVeDP) (22 vs. 11 mmHg), which is interpreted as a sign of a more ischemic ventricle in the STAE group. The sum of STAE in all leads is correlated to LVeDP but not to LVEDP during exercise. The link between the significant ischemia in various locations and STAE appearing most frequently and markedly in V5seems to be some global mechanism as the occurrence of STAE and the height of the R wave were positively correlated in the various leads. As STAE in coronary heart disease shows similar configuration and distribution as in aortic valvular stenosis and digoxin medication of healthy subjects, a possible link could be the compensatory increase in contractility in non‐ischemic parts of the vent

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb01654.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTGlomerular filtration rate (GFR) by clearance of inulin and creatinine and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) by para‐aminohippurate clearance was investigated in 8 normal volunteers on low protein (LP) and high protein (HP) diet for 6 days in the basal state and after a mixed protein‐rich test meal. Plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI), glucagon (IRG) and growth hormone (IRHGH) were followed before and after the test meal. GFR was higher on HP than on LP diet and increased within one hour after the test meal. ERPF also increased significantly after the meal on LP diet. IRI increased maximally at 60 min after the test meal and then declined gradulally. IRG increased after a latency period of 90 min and IRHGH consistently did not change. Since the increase in GFR was significant already one hour after the test meal, i.e. before IRG was changed, we conclude that glucagon is not a mediator of the protein‐induced increased in GFR. Neither insulin nor growth hormone appeared to be inv

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb01655.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTRenal volume was determined by repeated CT scanning in 26 patients with adult polycystic kidney disease after institution of replacement therapy for terminal renal failure. Thirteen patients, treated for an average period of 6.7 years (SD 3.4, range 1.1–13.7), had a functioning necrokidney graft at the close of the study and had been grafted for 80.8% (SD 18) of the total treatment time. They showed a reduction of renal volume averaging 1.07% (SD 0.89) per month. Thirteen patients, treated for an average period of 5.7 years (SD 3.3, range 1.2–12.2), were on dialysis at the close of the study. Four had been on dialysis only, 9 had carried one or more (rejected) necrokidney grafts for 22.8% (SD 25) of the total treatment time. Three of them showed a significant increase in renal volume, whereas ten showed a decrease. The average change of renal volume in the entire group was ‐0.28% (SD 1.36) per month, significantly smaller than in the transplanted patients (p<0.01). It is concluded that polycystic kidneys shrink after successful grafting, whereas volume changes vary on dialysis trea

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb01656.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn vitro studies have demonstrated that secretin can stimulate the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH), but reports concerning its effects on PTH and calcium in vivo are contradictory. To examine this question further, a bolus injection of secretin (75 IU) was given to 12 normal subjects and 10 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Six of the patients had multiple endocrine neoplasia and five had endocrine pancreatic tumours (EPT). Three normocalcaemic patients with EPT were also included in the study. The mean serum gastrin level rose significantly (from 19 to 40 pmol/1,p<0.01) within 15 min of secretin injection in the normal subjects. HPT patients without EPT had a somewhat higher mean basal level of gastrin (39 pmol/1,p<0.05 compared with controls), but it did not increase significantly after the secretin bolus. In six EPT patients the gastrin concentrations rose by more than 300 pmol/1. Although secretin had a biological capacity to release gastrin, it had no discernible effects on either serum PTH or serum calcium in any of the groups studied. Nor were any changes in PTH or calcium observed when secretin was given as a continuous infusion (3 IU/kg/h) over 90 min. Thus, our data do not support the concept that secretin, in vivo, is a secretagogue of PTH.

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb01657.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwenty Danish patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) had been diagnosed by January 1984, 14 of them after 1982. Eighteen patients were male homosexuals, 8 of whom had visited the USA after 1979, 2 were heterosexual males with a history of sexual contacts in Central Africa, suggesting a transmission of AIDS from woman to man. AIDS has not been observed in drug abusers, hemophiliacs or transfused non‐risk persons in Denmark. The clinical picture varied according to the presence of Kaposi sarcoma or the type of opportunistic infections, but was in general similar to that reported from the USA. Investigation of T‐lymphocyte subsets revealed that the AIDS patients differed from controls and healthy homosexual men by having either a very low number of helper cells or a low helper/suppressor cell ratio. Functional immunological studies revealed a decreased natural killer cell activity and decreased blast transformation by mitogens. The survival two years after diagnosis was

ISSN:0001-6101    

DOI:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1985.tb01658.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY