摘要:

Musca domesticaL. and other synanthropic diptera were baited with a mixture of Lursect™ fly attractant and dichlorvos sugar bait to detect differences in fly catch among selected stations on 5 southern California poultry ranches.Significant shifts in the spatial response of house fly to bait stations were noted over time on both the east-west and north-south ordinates. House fly catches inside buildings increased with high temperatures, but overall catches were greatest at sunlit perimeter stations at the ends of cage rows.Females were more abundant than males within the poultry houses, but a 1:1 male:female relationship was approached when fly catch was high either in terms of time or space. Between 15–32°C fly catch and the male proportion of the catch was significantly correlated with temperature.An intensive baiting experiment demonstrated differences in spatial response amongM. domestica,Fannia canicularis(L.), andMuscina stabulansFallen. These differences were represented by opposing directional tendencies and clearly defined preferences for bait stations located along the inside wall or at the ends of the cage rows.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.3.395

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The waterhyacinth grasshopper,Cornops aquaticum(Bruner), was studied in Uruguay and Argentina to determine if it is sufficiently host specific to introduce into the United States as a control agent against waterhyacinth,Eichhornia crassipes(Mart.) SolmsLaubach. Under field conditions, onlyE. crassipes,E. azureaKunth, and rarelyPontederia cordataL. sustained damage, and only the former 2 species were acceptable for oviposition and egg development. Based on the high degree of feeding preference forEichhorniaspp. in the tests and the dependence of the insect on members of this genus for its development,C. aquaticumis considered sufficiently specific toEichhorniaspp. to be potentially useful to introduce for biological control ofE. crassipesin the United States.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.3.400

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Continuous observations and measurements were made of adult flight, mating, and oviposition ofOrgyia pseudotsugataMcDunnough over a 31-h period in eastern Oregon. Male flight started at 1000 (P.S.T.), gradually increased to a peak period ca. 1700, and concluded at 1930. This coincided with peak mating activity with the wingless females. Oviposition occurred immediately after mating. Virgin females attached to sticky traps were very effective for attracting and capturing male moths. The female sex pheromone offers a possible technique for early detection of Douglas-fir tussock moth populations.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.3.405

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Callosobruchus maculatus(F.) prefers smooth- to rough-seeded varieties and cheeks to other areas of the seeds for oviposition on cowpeas. It does not oviposit on the seed hilum, which is spongy and fibrillary in texture. Differences in seed-coat texture are considered to be responsible for the preferences. Scanning electron microscopy revealed deep pits in seeds that are rough-coated but not in those that are smooth-coated.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.3.409

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

In Pennsylvania adultOstrinia nubilalis(Hübner) males were attracted maximally to isomeric blends of 97:3 and 2:98 ofcisandtrans-11-tetradecenyl acetates, suggesting the coexistence of 2 distinct populations of this species.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.3.413

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Best oviposition was obtained from 3 femaleCallosobruchus maculatus(F.), 24–48 h old, and 40 cowpea seeds in 48×48×18-mm plastic boxes. The occurrence of the “active form” under our experimental conditions was unpredictable. Weevils were not affected by either low temperature or carbon dioxide ranges (10–90 s) used.Seeds infested with eggs were less attractive for further oviposition. Fewer progeny emerged from smaller seeds. Miniature weevils weighing less than ½ the normal weevils emerged from some cowpea varieties. Variety Pl. 151563 may possess some resistance.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.3.415

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

None of the various existing or newly constructed yellow traps tested captured consistently moreRhagoletis cingulata(Loew) orR. pomonella(Walsh) flies than a baited, sticky-coated, vertically-hanging yellow rectangle. However, a baited, sticky-coated, 45°-angle, apex-down yellow cone is a promising new selective trap in that it captured 85–116% as manyR. cingulata, 67–77% as manyR. pomonella, but only 11–29% as many other large insects (mostly beneficial Tachinidae) as the rectangle. Of various odoriferous baits tested, ammonium acetate crystals mixed into the sticky coating attracted as many or moreR. cingulataandR. pomenellaand fewer other large insects than any other bait. Nonetheless, after the initial 2 wk of testing, as the flies matured, an unbaited, sticky-coated red sphere captured moreR. pomonellathan either yellow trap and was nearly as selective as the cone. However, the sphere captured no moreR. cingulatathan the cone.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.3.420

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The developmental threshold forTetrastichus julis(Walker), a larval parasite ofOulema melanopus(L.), was determined to be 48°F (8.89°C). This threshold can be used to determine emergence rates under field conditions. However, soil surface cover significantly influences soil temperature and was found to be a controllable factor in manipulating spring emergence. The relationship between soil temperature and air temperature is sufficiently correlated to allow emergence rate predictions forT. julisfrom standard air temperature measurements. This prediction is critical to a control program which would allow for pesticide control of the cereal leaf beetle while having minimal effect on theT. julispopulation.Emergence of the overwintering generation ofT. julisis well synchronized with the presence of susceptible hosts in the spring. The summer generation of the parasite is poorly sychronized and many hosts have pupated before the parasites emerge. These late hosts are critical since they are the means by whichT. julisoverwinters.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.3.425

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Tests were made to determine if apparent feeding differences observed in the field between adult western corn rootworms (WCR),Diabrotica virgiferaLeConte, and northern corn rootworms (NCR),D. longicornis(Say), actually exist. Beetles were collected from corn plants and weeds in northeast Nebraska cornfields, and the gut contents examined and identified. Several significant feeding differences were demonstrated between species and between sexes within species: gut contents contained different proportions of corn leaf tissue, corn pollen, corn silks, weed pollen, fungal spores, and gregarine sporonts. The NCR fed more extensively on pollens of other plants in addition to corn than did the WCR. A higher percentage of WCR contained gregarine sporonts than did the NCR and more males of each species contained sporonts than did females. Gut contents indicate that males are more mobile within a field than females.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.3.435

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Honey bees foraged on exudate of scales feeding on mesquite. Although mesquite gum has been a source of arabinose (which is toxic to honey bees), thin-layer chromatography did not detect arabinose in this food chain.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.3.439

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP