摘要:

Oxytetracyline hydrochloride (OTC) degraded in brood nest honey and surplus honey by 4 weeks after cessation of medication of colonies of honey bees,Apis melliferaL., with sugar dusts or syrup sprays. No OTC residues were found in either brood nest honey or surplus honey from colonies treated with 2 antibiotic extender patties, nor in larvae from colonies treated by any of the 3 methods.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/10.4.479

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Soil temperatures were monitored at two depths in the plow layer during the prediapause and diapause-chill quiescent stages of the western corn rootworm,Diabrotica Virgifera virgiferaLeConte, for four years at Brookings, SD. Soil tempratures descended below the threshold for development (11°C) in early October and remamed<0°C until early March. Each year, eggs at both depths were subjected to a minimum of 14 weeks at temperatures<0°C. In laboratory tests, hatch declined significantly with time at −7.5°C and −10°C.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/10.4.483

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Various blends of (Z,Z)-and (E,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate [(E,Z)ODDA and (Z,Z)ODDA], the major components of the sex pheromones of peachtree borer,Synanthedon exitiosa(Jay), and lesser peachtree borerS. pictipes(Grote and Robinson), were field tested in 1979. Peachtree borer males were captured in the greatest numbers in traps baited with high ratios of Z,Z to E,Z. Lesser peachtree borer males were captured in the greatest numbers in traps baited with pure (E,Z)ODDA; however, several were captured in traps baited withZ,Z/E,Zratios as high as 50:50Z,Z/E,Z, an indication that contamination of (E,Z)ODDA with (Z,Z)ODDA will not completely inhibit capture of males. In a test comparing the attractiveness of virgin females with that of synthetic sex attractant, no significant difference was noted between catches of males with 100 μg of (E,Z)ODDA and with those having one female LPTB; both were relatively ineffective. Significantly more males were attracted to 5 and 10 virgin females than to 500 and 1,000 μg of sex attractant, respectively.Four species of Sesiidae not previously reported in Indiana were trapped during the season. The range ofAlcathoe carolinensisEngelhardt was extended considerably by its capture in Indiana. Other new state records werePodosesia aureocincta(Purrington and Nielsen),Paranthrene pellucida(Greenfield and Karandinos), andSynanthedon rubrofascia(Hy. Edw.)

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/10.4.488

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Previously, boll weevils,Anthonomus grandisBoheman, were dipped in chemosterilant solutions using 100% methanol, ethanol, or acetone. It was suspected that pure solvents may often have adverse effects. Boll weevils at 5 or 6 days old, dipped in 75 to 100% methanol, ethanol, or acetone, had significantly reduced flight activity. Boll weevils dipped in 25% suspensions of methanol, ethanol, or acetone containing 0.025% diflubenzuron and then irradiated had acceptable flight activity, mortality, and sperm transfer, but the females were not adequately sterilized. Male weevils dipped in 50% methanol or ethanol suspensions containing 0.05% diflubenzuron + 10 krads of irradiation had normal flight for 4 days, were adequately sterilized and transferred sperm to more females 7 days after treatment than males dipped in acetone.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/10.4.492

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The predatory capabilities of nymphal and adultOrius insidiosus(Say) preying on larval and adult soybean thrips,Sericothrips variabilis(Beach), were assessed under laboratory conditions. Effects of varying densities of adult soybean thrips on predation by adultO. insidiosuswere also determined.All stages ofO. insidiosustested were able to successfully capture 1st- and 2nd instar larvae and adult soybean thrips. The average number of soybean thrips killed per 24-h period increased with successive nymphal stages ofO. insidiosus, and adult females killed more soybean thrips than did adult males. Adult male and femaleO. insidiosusexhibited a type-II functional response when exposed to varying densities of adultS. variabilis. AdultO. insidiosusappeared to feed past satiation at the high densities of soybean thrips.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/10.4.496

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Hydroprene, when topically applied, terminated sexual diapause of adultHypera postica(Gyllenhal). Significant changes in gonadal development, oviposition, and feeding were related to the concentration applied. A 1-μg amount of hydroprene terminated diapause in 15% of weevils, did not influence testis size, produced small increases in ovary size, instigated atypical oviposition in 10% of females, and increased feeding for 27 days. A five-μg amount terminated diapause in 37% of weevils, produced moderate increases in testis and ovary size, instigated atypical oviposition in 20% of females, and increased feeding for 27 days. A 10-μg amount terminated diapause in 66% of weevils, produced large increases in testis and ovary size, instigated atypical oviposition in 60% of females, and increased feeding for 37 days. A 50-μg amount terminated diapause in 100% weevils, produced large increases in testis and ovary size, instigated typical oviposition in 90% of females but with reduced egg fertility, and increased feeding for 49 days.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/10.4.501

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Rose bengal and erythrosin B were shown to cause toxicity in the face fly,Musca autumnalis. When larvae were exposed to dye-treated manure, toxicity was observed in the larval, pupal, and adult life stages, depending on the concentration and the dye. Face flies, emerging as adults after treatment with low concentrations of erythrosin B, exhibited signs of decreased ability to complete eclosion from the puparium. Similar results were obtained when erythrosin B was incorporated into the manure by introducing dye-filled gelatin capsules into cattle. Toxicity was dose-related to dye levels in the feed of the cattle.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/10.4.506

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Non-target organisms killed by SWASS pellets, a bait toxicant system for screwworms,Cochliomyia hominivorax(Coquerel), were determined. Collections of insects were made at 391 sites in 19 study areas in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and Mexico. The reaction of domestic animals to the pellets was recorded, and pellet-baited small mammal traps were set in selected areas. Diptera comprised 93.5% of the insects collected, and 88.5% of these were Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Anthomyiidae, and Muscidae. The predominant species in these families in order of abundance wereC. macellaria(Fabricius),Ravinia effrenata(Walker),Hylemya cinerella(Fallen), andSynthesiomyia nudiseta(Wulp). Mammals caught in traps includedNeotoma micropusBaird,N. Albigula(Hartley),Spermophilus mexicanus(Erxleben), andSylvilagus floridanus(Allen). Domestic animals have little or no interest in the pellet as food. On the average, ca. 10% of all pellets were degraded or removed from a site within one wk.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/10.4.511

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Field and laboratory tests were conducted to determine the relationships between a parasitoid,Voria ruralis(Fallen), its host,Trichoplusia ni(Hübner), and a nuclear polyhedrosis virus. By dissection it was observed that up to 100% of the parasitoidism of field-collectedT. nilarvae was in hosts infected with nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Thus, accounting for parasitoidism in diseased hosts can significantly alter apparent parasitoidism rates. Laboratory tests confirmed that the parasitoid can survive, develop in, and emerge from diseased larvae. Although histological sections revealed nuclear polyhedrosis virus in the gut lumen ofV. ruralispuparia that had fed on diseased hosts, the virus was voided from adults soon after emergence and before oviposition. Tests revealed thatV. ruralisdoes not act as a biological vector, and it acts as a mechanical vector only under very restricted conditions.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/10.4.517

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

In Ohio, modified Wong traps captured significant numbers of black cutworm males when baited with (Z)-7-dodecen-1-yl acetate (I) and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate (II) emitted either from glass capillaries (3: 1 mixture of I and II), rubber septa (30 μg of I + 10 μg of II), or a Hercon® multilayered polymeric dispenser. The best Hercon® dispenser was formulated with a 3:1 mixture of I and II at 390 μg/6.45 cm2; the optimum size was 12.90 cm2with a total exposed edge (the site of release) of 15.24 cm. Relatively low trap catches were recorded in traps baited with selected Conrel® fiber formulations.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/10.4.521

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP