摘要:

Platynota idaeusalis(Walker) males were previously known to be attracted totrans-11-tetradecen-1-ol, and addition oftrans-11-tetradecenyl acetate in a 1:1 ratio increased these catches. Both these compounds have now been found in extracts of female abdominal tips in an alcohol:acetate ratio of about 2:1. Catches of males in field tests were highest when mixtures of 5μl oftrans-11-tetradecen-1-ol plus 5–15μl oftrans-11-tetradecenyl acetate on rubber septa were used as lures. Addition of 10 or 20% of thecisisomer of the alcohol attractant decreased the catch by more than ½, while addition of 20% of thecisacetate decreased attractancy by ¼.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.2.249

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

TheHeliothisnuclear polyhedrosis virus was rapidly inactivated under field conditions on the upper leaf surface of cotton, soybean, and tomato. Inactivation of the virus was most rapid on cotton with little activity remaining after 24 h. While persistence on tomato was significantly better than on the other hosts, little virus activity remained after 96 h. Use of Shade™ and lignin sulfate as ultraviolet screens resulted in good virus persistence on all hosts through 48 h. Caging plants at night to prevent dew formation did not reduce virus inactivation. Persistence was good when plants were exposed from dusk to dawn but caged during the day to prevent sunlight inactivation. Undcr these conditions inactivation was greatest on cotton with 57% virus activity remaining after 96 h. Continuously caged plants of all hosts also had some loss of activity and while generally less than on plants exposed from dusk to dawn was not significantly different.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.2.253

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Two insect growth regulators (IGR) ZR-512 (Ethyl 3,7,1l-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate) and ZR-515 (Isopropyl 11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate) were evaluated for their control of the pear psylla,Psylla pyricolaFörster, and for their effect on nontarget pear pests and predators. Under laboratory conditions, adult psylla exposed to residues of IGR's failed to lay viable eggs, though the number laid and the general appearance of eggs seemed normal. Adult psylla from late-instar nymphs which were exposed to ZR-515 failed to lay viable eggs. In field tests no direct reduction in adult psylla levels was observed following application with IGR's, but 3 weeks post treatment the ratio of psylla eggs per nymphs was much greater in these plots. The effect of IGR's was minimal on other pest species, and no significant decrease in predator species was noted.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.2.256

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A juvenile hormone mimic is less stable in the presence of larvalAedes aegyptithan when larvae are absent. Maximum loss of activity is associated with early fourth instar larvae and this inactivation occurs with as few as 3 of these larvae per 100 ml of water. This instability is most apparent when larvae are in conditioned water and food is present.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.2.259

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Parasitization of potato tuberworm,Phthorimaea operculella(Zeller), larvae on spring and fall plantings of potato was studied in southern California in 1963, 1964, and again in 1968 and 1969. Foliage mined by larvae was collected at weekly or twice-weekly intervals and held for emergence of adult moths and/or parasites. Thirteen species of parasites were reared, including 7 braconids, 5 ichneumonids, and 1 eulophid. Twelve were indigenous. The remaining species,Orgilus lepidusMuesebeck, was one of 6 parasites imported from Argentina in 1963 and 1964.Agathis gibbosa(Say),Apanteles scutellarisMuesebeck, andChelonus phthorimaeaGahan, were the most common parasites recovered, and in that order. Of 488 and 1,153 host larvae collected in 1968 and 1969, respectively, 57.8 and 53.9% were parasitized. In 1969, 29.4% of the larvae collected from the spring planting were parasitized and 77.4% of those from the fall planting.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.2.262

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Emergence of alateSolenopsis invictaBuren from several habitats in northern Florida averaged 187,000/acre/year. The number of active mounds per acre varied between habitats, and the numbers of alates produced was not directly correlated with the numbers of mounds per acre. Alates were captured each month, with the heaviest flights occurring April through August. Of the alates captured, 52% were females. Some habitats produced a higher male:female sex ratio than others. About 90% of the flights were composed of over 74% of one sex of alates; 65% of the flights were monosexual. Rainfall stimulated flights, but high relative humidity did not. Some flights continued for 2–3 days after a rain. Colonies sometimes had more than one mound, and flight could occur from either or both mounds. Artificially created air movement terminated flights, but shading did not. Two ovipositing queens were found in a single colony. Sexual brood appeared in mounds in March, and first flights composed of alates which developed from the new season's brood occurred in late April and early May. Dealate and deformed sexual forms which had been carried over the winter were seen attempting to fly in the spring.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.2.265

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Field trials to examine overwintering potential ofPlathypena scabra(F.) in central Iowa were conducted with moths and pupae in the winter of 1968–1969, and with moths only in the winters of 1971–1972 and 1972–1973. No survival was ever obtaincd in field cages containing the insects. Cabinet trials were conducted with pupae at temperatures of −17.8, −3.9, 4.4, 12.8, and 26.7°C. At −17.8°C, 100% mortality occurred in 7 days. Pupae tested at −3.9°C had 100% survival after 8 days, 40% survival after 13 days, and 0% survival after 33 days. Pupae at 4.4°C survived 45 days without mortality, but all were dead after 90 days. A 12.8°C constant temperature lengthened the pupal stadium to 28.1 days and caused 20% mortality. Mortality at 26.7°C was only 6.7%, and the mean pupal stadium was 8.4 days.Supercooling-point determinations indicated that the larva was significantly more susceptible to cold temperatures, that the prepupa and adult were similar in response, and that the pupa was significantly less susceptible to cold temperatures than other stages.Temperature data were collected during the winter of 1971–1972 to determine the actual temperatures present in probable overwintering sites under litter. Supercooling data indicated that the larva was the least likely, and the pupa the most likely overwintering stage. Cabinet trials indicated, however, that the pupa could not survive the temperatures present during 1971–1972. The adult was shown in several winter studies not to survive. The conclusion is drawn, therefore, that it is unlikely that the larval, prepupal, pupal, or adult stages of the green c1ovenworm can overwinter in central-Iowa litter habitats.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.2.272

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

MalePlodia interpunctella(Hübner) orCadra cautella(Walker) became habituated to inhibitors of the sex pheromone response while maintaining their responsiveness to the sex pheromones. From these data we conclude that the inhibitors and the sex pheromones are perceived via separate sensors. Inhibition is a direct and immediate result of sensory input via the appropriate sensors.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.2.277

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Larvae ofTabanus nigrovittatusMacquart,Chrysops fuliginosusWiedemann and C.atlanticusPechuman were recovered most often and in greatest abundance in regularly flooded areas of salt marshes with nearly uniform stands ofSpartina alternifloraLoisel (smooth cordgrass). Areas ofS. cynosuroides(L.) Roth. (giant cordgrass),Distichlis spicata(L.) Greene (salt grass), andJuncus roemerianusScheele (black needle rush) yielded decreasing numbers of tabanid larvae (in that order). In mixed vegetation, as the proportion of other vegetation increased andS. alternifloradecreased, the numbers of tabanid larvae declined

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.2.280

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Pupae of laboratory-rearedHaematobia irritans(L.) were irradiated with 2000 rad, packaged in a perforated styrofoam thermos, shipped on a commercial bus, and then released at the site of a pilot study of the sterile-male technique. Emergence of adults was reduced slightly by irradiation and significantly by shipment and release. Also, refrigeration of pupae to delay emergence of adults reduced percentage emergence (significantly when it was done before irradiation), and refrigeration for 48 h after day 7 reduced survival (significantly among irradiated males and normal females). More males than females emerged from all pupae, and significantly more (1.26:1) emerged from irradiated pupae held in the laboratory. Cross-mating studies demonstrated that all irradiated females were sterile, and only 2 of 7598 eggs hatched from normal females crossed with irradiated males. No significant difference was detected in the fecundity of normal females crossed with either normal or irradiated males.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.2.287

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP