摘要:

Oulema melanopus(L.) deposit more eggs on the upper and most succulent blades of their gramineous hosts than on the blade immediately below, perhaps because the ovipositing beetles are strongly positive phototaxic and thus move upward on their host. Also, females confined with ‘Genesee’ wheat fed significantly less on those blades with the greatest oviposition. Such behavior is of value to this species, because it reduces feeding competition between adults and progeny and places the eclosing larvae near or on the most succulent blades.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/2.5.791

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Bacillus popillaeDutky andPopillia japonicaNewman have been used in commercial production of milky disease spore dust for 26 years. The overall health of the people who produce the spore dust has not been adversely affected by prolonged exposure to this insect pathogen, and findings of recent clinical and physical examinations of personnel were within normal ranges for sex and age. In addition, antibodies toB. popilliaeandP. japonicawere not detected in their sera.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/2.5.793

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

An investigation was conducted to determine qualitatively the entomophagous natural enemies ofPortlzetria dispar(L.) in Pennsylvania. Seven exotic species were recovered: the larval parasitoidsBleplzaripa scutellata(Robineau-Desvoidy) (Tachinidae),Compsilura concinnata(Meigen) (Tachinidae),Phobocampe disparis(Viereck) (lchneumonidae), andApanteles melanosceilis(Ratzeburg) (Braconidae); a pupal parasitoid,Brachymeria intermedia(Nees) (Chalcidiae), andOoencyrtus kuwanai(Howard) (Encyrtidae), an egg parasitoid. The predatorCalosoma sycophantaL. (Carabidae) was observed feeding on gypsy moth in one county. Two native ichneumonid parasitoids were recovered in the State,Theronia atalantae fulvescens(Cresson) andItoplectis conquisitor(Say). ACalosomabeetle and two species of Pentatomidae were observed feeding on the gypsy moth in the field.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/2.5.797

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Manure disposal can be a serious environmental problem in poultry-cage facilities for egg production. Flies can degrade manure and they offer a possibility of recycling products. All flies studied were inadequate to degrade accumulattons of anaerobic manure. Among several species of muscoid flies testedMusca domesticaL. was most effective in degrading aerobic manure. Different strains thrived in manure variously according to their general vigor. Poultry manure provides an adequate source of protein for egg maturation forM. domesticaand it is a suitable oviposition medium except when a more attractive medium is present. Manure is an adequate medium for maggot culture, although of lower quality than a standard medium; its quality diminishes with age.As manure is biodegraded, metabolic activity of contained organisms increases to a plateau, ammonia is produced, nitrogen is lost, and pHincreases. Bacteria, rather than fungi and yeasts, are primarily responsible for these changes, but metabolism of bactcria and developing maggots interact. Some bacteria may retard fly development. Fly larvae perform a conspicuous role in aerating medium to favor aerobic bacteria and to hasten loss of nitrogen and moisture. The design of batch or continuous systems of manure degradation by flies should include developmental and behavioral characteristics of insects appropriate to the system.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/2.5.801

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Three insect species attacking oak forests in Missouri (walkingstick,Diapheromera femorata[Say]: orangestriped oakworm,Anisota senatoria[J. E. Smith]; and variable oakleaf caterpillar,Heterocampa manteo[Doubleday]) were susceptible to a commercial formulation ofBacillus thuringiensisvar.alesli. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values (international units × 103/milliliter per gram of insect) for each species were 6150, 2.2, and 8.6, respectively.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/2.5.807

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

When varying numbers of pairs of an Afro-Asian dung beetle,Onthophagus gazella(F.), were exposed to varying quantities of bovine manure containing eggs or larvae ofHaematobia irritans(L.) in the laboratory, control of emerging fly adults ranged from 0 to 98.4 percent. Slightly greater control was achieved when the beetles were placed on manure that contained eggs than when they were placed on manure that initially contained larvae. Adult horn flies that survived the activity of beetles were smaller than control flies.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/2.5.811

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A proteinaceous attractant, prepared by freeze-drying fermented whole egg solids, was found to attractMusca domesticaL. and other synanthropic Diptera. In field experiments, a mixture of 2 g of the attractant and 2 g of dichlorvos sugar-bait increased fly collection two-fold on manure substrate in trays set on the ground and three-fold in suspended bait units over the sugar-toxicant bait alone. This increase was due primarily to the increased response of nulliparous and parous females in which vitellogenesis was about to occur. Attractancy of the bait declined sharply after 48 hours of field exposure.The location of bait stations significantly affected the number, sex ratio, and female age structure of the flies collected. Stations collecting the greatest number of flies were generally situated at the ends of the cage rows in sunlight-shade border areas. Fly collections from areas of greatest fly activity were characterized by a high proportion of hoth nulliparous and parous protein-searching females, and the sex ratio in these high-activity zones approached 1. East-west and north-south preferences of certain female age groups were manifested in the collections.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/2.5.815

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The omnivorous leaf roller,Platynota stultana(Walsingham), was reported to have five larval instars. Careful observation of larvae reared at various temperatures showed that all males and some females underwent five larval stages. Other females passed through a sixth stadium at all temperatures. The frequency of females with six instars was lowest at 25°C and increased as rearing temperatures approached extremes. Head-capsule width in both sexes was affected also by the temperature at which the larvae were reared. Generally, head-capsule width decreased significantly when the rearing temperature exceeded 30°C.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/2.5.823

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Several different formulations of the synthetic pheromone (grandlure) ofAnthonomus gandisBoheman were prepared and tested in the laboratory and field in an attempt to prolong effectiveness of attractant in traps. Of those tested, two extended the effective trap life of attractant for periods greater than one week: (1) a physical-barrier preparation that consisted of a cigarette filter impregnated with grandlure in a solution of polyethylene glycol 1000 (20.4 percent), glycerol (32.3 percent), water (12.8 percent), and methanol (34.5 percent), and contained in an open one-dram glass vial; and (2) a commercial gel formulation. Plastic preparations tested did not improve significantly on the grandlure formulations.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/2.5.829

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Trapping studies were conducted in a large field cage and in the field as part of a coordinated effort to develop a formulation that would control the release of grandlure, the synthetic pheromone ofAnthonomus grandisBoheman. From these and related studies, two new formulations were developed that controlled the release of this pheromone. These formulations were evaluated extensively at several locations and found to be effective for a least two weeks, during which period they were more attractive than either caged male boll weevils or current formulations. Evidence presented shows clearly that attractiveness of any grandlure fonnulation is influenced by the dose and relative proportions of the four components of the pheromone.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/2.5.837

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP