摘要:

Residues of oxytetracycline (Terramycin®) (4 ppm) were found in the broodnest honey in 6 of 9 colonies ofApis melliferaL. treated in the spring with antibiotic extender patties or antibiotic dusting and in all 3 colonies treated with patties in both the spring and summer. By autumn, small quantities of oxytetracycline were still present in the honey from 5 colonies. However, surplus honey stored by the bees above the broodnest was always free of residues of oxytetracycline regardless of the method of application, duration of treatment, or season when applied.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.4.674

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Z-7-dodecen-1-ol prevents males ofTrichoplusia ni(Hübner) andPseudoplusia includens(Walker) from orienting to a locus of the evaporating sex pheromone,Z-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate. Pheromone perception is not blocked by the inhibitor in that males exhibit excited upwind flight and clasper extension when exposed to pheromone plus inhibitor and preexposure to the inhibitor does not cause fatigue (habituation) of the male pheromone response. We conclude that the inhibitor is most probably perceived via a sensory neuron separate from that for the pheromone and modification of the pheromone response occurs via a more central integrative process.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.4.677

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Rice weevils,Sitophilus oryzae(L.), lesser grain borers,Rhyzopertha dominica(F.), and Angoumois grain moths,Sitotroga cerealella(Olivier), discriminated among rough rice samples of the varieties ‘Colusa’, ‘Calrose’, ‘Nato’, ‘Belle Patna’, ‘Bluebelle’, and ‘Dawn’ in free-choice tests. Attractiveness was judged by the presence of adults, oviposition, and the production of F1progeny. All 3 species exhibited a definite nonpreference for ‘Dawn’. Intact hulls precluded kernel entry by rice weevils and excluded 91% of lesser grain borer larvae and 72.4% of Angoumois grain moth larvae. The different responses in free-choice tests were related to the tightness of the seed husk, but were not directly proportional to the amount of loose-hull kernels available. Unidentified factors apparently influenced the behavior of the insects. In no-choice tests with brown rice of each variety, the number of F1progeny produced did not differ significantly in any species tested.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.4.681

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The population dynamics ofLaspeyresia pomonella(L.) from an abandoned apple orchard and a commercial orchard located in the Yakima Valley of Washington are compared. There was a greater catch of overwintering moths in the abandoned orchard than 1st brood moths, which is just opposite to the situation found in the commercial orchard. Also, approximately 75% of the 1st brood larvae in the abandoned orchard go into diapause, whereas approximately 10% of the 1st brood larvae in a commercial orchard diapause. The principal explanation for the difference in diapause structure between a commercial orchard and an abandoned orchard seems to be a limited food supply in the latter. AlthoughAgathis nucicola(Muesebeck),Ascogaster quadridentataWesmael andGoniozussp. were identified as larval parasites of the codling moth, they did not seem to be a very significant regulatory factor. On the other hand, the egg parasite,Trichogramma minutumRiley, parasitized at least 50% of the eggs deposited by the 1st brood moths. Lack of late season larval food and a high level of late season parasitism appear to explain the selection of a univoltine component when orchards are released from insecticidal pressures.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.4.686

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A method for rearing larvae from field-collected eggs ofMegachile pacifica(Panzer) was used to measure insecticide toxicities, synergist ratios, and larval growth on 4 pollen species. Carbaryl, propoxur, Landrin® (3,4,5-trimethylphenyl methylcarbamate and 2,3,5-trimethylphenyl carbamate) and methomyl had LC50values ranging from 42–121 ppm. Gardona® [2-chloro-1-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) vinyl dimethyl phosphate] and monocrotophos were more toxic with LC50values of about 1.7 and 2.6 ppm, respectively. The carbaryl-piperonyl butoxide synergist ratios for the larvae were estimated to range between 1.57–2.17. Alfalfa pollen provided the best larval growth. Pollens from goatsrue, sweet clover, and goldenweed were less satisfactory.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.4.691

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Numbers ofIpsspp. beetles which attacked felled loblolly pines were higher in areas where the southern pine beetle,Dendroctonus frontalisZimmerman, occurred than in areas with noD. frontalisactivity, but ratios of total numbers of parasites to attackingIpsbeetles were similar.Six species of hymenopterous parasites and 2 species of clerids which attack bothIpsspp. andD. frontaliswere found to be differentially attracted to pines infested withIpsbeetles within and outside ofD. frontalisinfestations.The parasitesRoptrocerus eccoptogastri(Ratzeburg) andRhopalicus pulchripennis(Crawford) responded strongly to high numbers ofIpsspp. attacksD. frontalisinfestations, but the other species appeared to respond to the tree host irrespective of the numbers of attackingIpsbeetles. Clerid beetles were more commonn inD. frontalisareas with the heaviestIpsattacks, but clerid/Ipsratios were higher in the areas with noD. frontalisactivity.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.4.695

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A method is described to test individually and in combination the effects of different chemicals on the adult survival and oviposition ofTetranychus urticaeKoch. Materials in water formulations were sprayed on the leaves ofVicia fabaL. and tests with 5 females on excised leaves lasted for one day. Various spray adjuvants acted as ovipositional repellents but did not reduce oviposition when only treated foliage was available. S. M. 134 killed adults and prevented oviposition. The most effective innocuous materials are: Aerosil 200, oleoresin of capsicum, extract of juniper berry, levulinic acid, pumpkin and rapeseed oils, sinigrin, sodium silicate, and thiodiglycol. A 0.03% carbaryl:0.27% Arogen® 500 combination had no effect, whereas a combination with 0.06%:0.54% of these components respectively reduced adult survival and oviposition; a 0.05% formulation of phosmet had no effect, whereas a 0.05% phosmet:0.45% Zeolex® 100 combination reduced adult survival and oviposition; and a 0.1% pirimiphos-methyl:0.9% Arogen® 500 combination was less effective than 0.05% of Pirimiphos-methyl alone and about equal to a 0.05% Pirimiphos-methyl:0.45% Arogen® 500 combination. The effectiveness of pesticide-silica combinations depends on the concentration of components and type of silica.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.4.697

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A number of acetates of alcohols with a straight chain of 10–16 carbon atoms and a double or triple bond at the 9th or 11th position were synthesized. Their influence on the attractancy of the sex pheromones ofAdoxophyes orana(Fischer von Röslerstamm), a mixture ofcis-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (cis-9-tda) andcis-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (cis-11-tda), was investigated. The acetates of 9-dodecyn-1-ol, 9-tridecyn-1-ol, 9-tetradecyn-1-ol, 9-pentadecyn-1-ol, and 11-tetradecyn-1-ol had an inhibitory effect. Replacingcis-9-tda orcis-11-tda or both by a similar compound resulted in a mixture unattractive for the male insect. A series of 5 compounds which seemed to have a synergistic effect in 1972 trials was investigated more thoroughly together with 4 other compounds.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.4.701

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The influence of parasitism byBathyplectes curculionis(Thomson) on growth, food consumption, and food utilization byHypera postica(Gyllenhal) larvae from the early 3rd through the 4th instars was studied at 22 and 30°C. At both temperatures, total growth was greater in unparasitized than in parasitized larvae. The total food consumption by unparasitized larvae at 22°C was higher than that by parasitized larvae, but at 30°C it was not significant. The food consumption per larva per day was higher at both temperatures for unparasitized larvae than for parasitized. There were no significant differences in the dry weight-fresh weight consumption index or in the approximate digestibility of alfalfa by parasitized and unparasitized 3rd and 4th instars, at either temperature. The efficiency of food digestion by both types of larvae decreased with age, the decline being more pronounced at 30°C than at 22°C. The net efficiency of conversion of ingested food to body matter was slightly higher for parasitized than for unparasitized larvae. At 22°C this difference was significant, but at 30°C it was not.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.4.705

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

When adult femaleHeliothis virescens(F.) were collected while calling and rinsed with ether, the washes contained a volatile material attractive to males, but ether washes of whole moths and abdominal tips soaked for about 2 h were not attractive. The attractive material was not obtained from females that were not calling. A light of low intensity placed beneath cages of females stimulated calling among those that had previously been inactive. In the field, native males began responding to concentrated washes of pheromone about 3 h after sunset, but 90% of the total number of males captured in pheromone- or female-baited traps were taken between 2300 and 0400 h.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.4.711

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP