摘要:

In the rainforests of Victoria, Australia,D. (Scaptodrosophila)inornatais the common species. Within these habitats distributions may depend on temperature/humidity relationships. There appears to be one boundary condition at 12°C below whIch flies are inactive and rarely found, and another in the 20–30°C range dependent upon temperature/humidity interactions. Between these extremes flies are collected from tree fern fronds at varying distances from permanent water. These results suggest there may be behavioral responses to the physical environment.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.6.961

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

At the Brigantine National Wildlife Refuge, Atlantic County, New Jersey, dark colored traps were effective in measuring flight activity ofTabanus nigrovittatusMacquart. Peak flight activity is between 8 AM and 4 PM and occurs between the ecotone and first 75 ft of the marsh. Few flies were taken at heights greater than 4 ft. Major natural or man-made breaks in the dense vegetation along the marsh serve as primary routes of upland movement. A road served as the break in this study. Movements through and over upland vegetation do not account for any substantial amount of upland penetration. Once within a major break, flies gain access to less dense vegetation further in the upland through openings in the vegetation along the break. When the vegetation of the ecotone and upland remains intact, greater numbers of flies become restricted to the marsh and immediately adjacent areas.A prediction model was generated by regression analysis and accounted for 77.32% of the variability of the total catch per day. Cloud cover and temperature were the most influential environmental factors affecting movements ofT. nigrovittatus.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.6.965

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Insect growth regulators (IGRs) and insecticides were tested for their impact on the hemispherical scale,Saissetia coffeae(Walker), a pest ofAphelandra squarrosaNees., and the parasitoidEncyrtus infelixEmbelton. The most deleterious effects occurred when late instarS. coffeaewere treated with carbofuran, dimethoate or oxydemetonmethyl;Encyrtusemergence was reduced by more than 80%. Applications of IGRs and oxamyl produced from 32–57% reduction in emergence. Systemic drench or granular applications of carbofuran, dimethoate or thiofanox resulted in decreased numbers ofS. coffeaeand percentage of parasitism. Oxamyl 10G- and oxydemetonmethyl-treated and controlS. coffeaepopulations were almost all parasitized without reduction in scale population.E. infelixappears as an ineffective parasitoid for control ofS. coffeaein the production ofA. squarrosa.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.6.972

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Weekly releases of about 1600 ♀ pteromalid wasps,Pachycrepoideus vindemiae(Rondani), per m2eliminated populations of house flies,Musca domesticaL., stable flies,Stomoxys calcitrans(L.), andFanniaspp. at a poultry house after 98 days. Releases of 633 ♀/m2in a box stall which housed a Holstein steer reduced house fly populations about 40% after 28 days. A population model derived from the results of laboratory and field tests could be used to estimate wasp populations in colonies and to determine the population dynamics of the wasp in the field.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.6.975

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

An activity recorder is described which provides both direction and size discrimination of arthropods in the field. Directional information is obtained by the sequence with which an insect interrupts two light beams. Size discrimination is determined by simultaneous interrupting of 2 spaced light beams. The recorder was successfully operated on nocturnally migrating cave crickets at Spider Cave in Carlsbad Caverns National Park.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.6.980

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Males ofPectinophora scutigera(Hold.) were captured in traps baited withZ,Z,7,11- hexadecadienyl acetate. Catches were reduced when the level ofZ,Eisomer present exceeded 50%.P. endemaCommon andP. gossypiella(Saund.) were attracted to 1:0.5 and 1:1 blends of theZ,ZandZ,Eisomers respectively.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.6.983

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Girdling of the main stem by the 3-cornered alfalfa hopper,Spissistilus festinus(Say), predisposed seedling soybeans to infection bySclerotium rolfsiiSaccardo, the causal agent of sclerotial blight. Growth stage V-1 was more susceptible to infection than stage V-3. The most important factor was the presence of a high inoculum level in the soil. Direct transmission by the insect was of little importance, and even simulated girdling damage resulted in infection of seedling plants.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.6.986

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Feeding rate and egg deposition rate of the predatory miteAmblyseius fallacis(Garman) was studied in response to the density of 3 different stages of the preyTetranyehus urticae(Koch). Predation rate and egg deposition rate depended on the density of the prey up to a maximum. The form of the curve depended on the type of prey.When the prey was in the egg stage, there was a linear relationship between number of prey attacked/predator and prey density, up to a density of 40 per leaf. When the prey was adult ♂, there was a linear response by predators to prey density up to a maximum of 40 prey per leaf. However, in contrast to egg-stage prey, as the density of the ♂ prey was further increased so was the attack rate of the predator. As the density of the ♀ prey was increased the predator attacked the eggs deposited by the ♀ rather than the bigger, active ♀.The number of eggs deposited by the predator depended on the density of the prey, up to a maximum of about 2 eggs/♀/day and then the oviposition rate leveled off. The maximum rate of oviposition was reached before maximum prey attacked.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.6.989

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

During the summer of 1974 in the Imperial and Palo Verde Valleys of southern California, population densities of arthropod predators andHetiothisspp. were studied after insecticide treatments for the pink bollworm.Geocorisspp.,Orius tristicolor(White) and spiders were the most numerous arthropod predators.Chrysopa carneaStephens andCollops marginellusLeConte were least affected by increased insecticide usage.The mean density of arthropod predators was significantly reduced while the mean density ofHeliothisspp. was significantly increased by increased insecticide usage.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.6.993

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The Egyptian alfalfa weevil,Hypera brunneipennisBoheman, was observed causing damage to a wide range of leguminous and non-leguminous plants during the spring of 1973. We feel that this unusual feeding behavior on the non-leguminous species was the result of the weevils' search for moisture associated with above average temperatures, rather than an expansion of host range.Large aggregations ofH. brunneipennis, Hippodamia convergensGuérin-Méneville, and aCoccinellasp. were found aestivating together in several habitats suggesting that these 3 species share similar requirements for this particular stage in their life cycle.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.6.997

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP