摘要:

An evaluation of the major components of the cuticular washes from both male and female face flies,Musca autumnalisDe Geer, revealed that the most active component was (Z)-14-nonacosene. The activity of this component was not augmented by coadministration of the other components. Examination of several synthetic materials revealed that certain ethers inhibit this stimulant activity; for example, (Z)-14-nonacosene was not active when it was tested with methyl tetradecyl ether.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.5.761

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

In vitroevaluations indicated that almost all fungicides and some insecticides and herbicides registered for use on soybeans inhibited growth of the entomopathogenic fungiNomuraea rileyi(Farlow) Samson even at concentrations1/10the recommended rate. Most insecticides and herbicides were either not deleterious toN. rileyior less deleterious than fungicides. Also, death due to mycoses was significantly reduced when cabbage looper larvae were exposed to conidia treated with either the fungicide benomyl or the herbicide dinoseb.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.5.765

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

To study the influence of individual attractants and coattractants, their concentrations,pH, and age-efficacy relationship, various attractant mixtures were prepared and bioassayed against field populations of the eye gnat,Hippelates collusor(Townsend). An aqueous mixture of trimethylamine, ammonia, linoleic acid, indole, and acetic acid showed the greatest attractancy atpH 6.0. All these compounds were essential in inducing a high level of response in these insects. A simultaneous increase in the concentrations of trimethylamine, ammonia, indole, and acetic acid did not increase the attractancy. On the contrary, the attractancy significantly declined at very high concentrations. Aging of attractant mixtures at various strengths did not affect activity at 26–28°C for 72 h, but the attractancy of the mixtures decreased somewhat at 32.2°C after 24–120 h. Studies on the effects of the concentration of each attractant and coattractant on the activity showed that optimum concentrations of trimethylamine, ammonia, linoleic acid, and indole were 0.1–5.0, 0.5–5.0, 0.01–0.05, and 0.001–0.01%, respectively.n-Butyric acid at 1% concentration also enhanced the attractancy. This information is basic to the development of potent synthetic attractant formulations for the control ofHippelateseye gnats.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.5.769

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Virgin male and femaleLaspeyresia pomonella(L.) (0 to 24-h-old) were exposed to 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, or 40 krad of gamma radiation and each caged individually for life with a single 0 to 24-h-old untreated, virgin moth of the opposite sex. Female mating propensity was increased by exposure to radiation; male propensity was unchanged. Female moths caged with a new 0- to 24-h-old male each day sharply reduced spermatophore passage by the males.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.5.774

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Ca. 100 square miles of an irrigation district in southwestern Oklahoma were sampled forHeliothis zeaBoddie. MostH. zeawere found on sorghum, cotton, and alfalfa. Alfalfa was the principal host for June. In JulyH. zeawas found on all 3 crops and in August they were mainly on cotton. The distribution patterns fit the negative binomial withkvalues ranging from 3.00 in sorghum to over 5.00 in alfalfa. Parasitism rates were much higher in alfalfa (72%) than for sorghum (6%). or cotton (5%). The most common parasites are listed and their distribution patterns given.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.5.777

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Either of 2 surfactants, Multi-Film® X-77 or Dow Corning® Fluid 471A, repelled honey bees,Apis melliferaL., when they were added to pond water at a concentration of 500 ppm; bees almost completely ceased visiting the surfactant ponds during the first 3 months and were partially repelled for 6 months after the treatment. The few bees visiting the treated ponds drowned at a much higher rate per visit than bees visiting ponds containing no surfactants.The repellency of 11 chemicals as measured on drip boards varied from slight to 99%, depending on the surfactant. The 4 most repellent materials were Brij® 30 s.p., Renex® 30, Renex® 36, and Dow Corning Fluid 471A.The number of honey bees visiting saltcedar,Tamarix pentandraPall., flowers was not significantly reduced when these shrubs were sprayed with 1000 ppm of either Multi-Film X-77 or Dow Corning 471A.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.5.780

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The imported cabbageworm,Pieris rapae(L.) fails to colonize host plants set out in woods and woodland edge habitats, while successfully occupying plots set out in adjacent meadows.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.5.783

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Four years of field trapping indicated 3 distinct broods of onion maggot adults in a New York growing season. Early- and late-season injuries closely followed the population trends. Laboratory studies using 8 constant temperatures established a threshold of 40°F for adult emergence. The average air thermal unit accumulations for 50% catch of spring, second, and third broods were 712, 1187 and 1257, respectively. Incorporation of temperature accumulations, earliest dates of population buildup, and field-monitoring provides New York growers with an early-warning system.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.5.785

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Larvae of the pecan weevil,Curculio caryae(Horn), were surveyed monthly for naturally occurring pathogens in Mississippi and Arkansas from April 1972 to May 1973. Weevil larvae pathogens found in this survey wereMetarrhizium anisopliae(Metch.),Beauveria bassiana(Bals.),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(Schroeter) Migula, andSerratia marcescensBizio.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.5.790

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The pheromone (cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane, named disparlure) ofPorthetria dispar(L.), the precursor olefin (2-methyl-cis-7-octadecene) and a combination of both chemicals were released into 0.01-ha field plots in a spaced release station atmospheric permeation technique. Disparlure and the combination were more effective than the olefin in suppressing catches of disparlure-baited traps located in the disruptant arrays. Behavioral observations and comparisons of catches of disparlure-baited traps located 40 m outside the disruptant release area with check traps suggested that both disparlure and the olefin elevated the number of males searching within and at the periphery of the arrays. Males terminating search behavior in the olefin array generally flew out at a height of 2 m or less; only 15% departed by flying up and out through the tree canopy. In the disparlure array 86% departed through the canopy.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.5.793

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP