摘要:

A series of ester and ether derivatives of (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (8,10-D), the sex pheromone of the codling moth,Laspeyresia pornonella(L.), were impregnated on separate rubber sleeve stoppers and exposed in traps in the field to determine their ability to inhibit attraction of male codling moths. For each series of derivatives, the number of carbon atoms in a straight chain added to 8,10-D ranged from 1 to 4. When only one carbon atom was added, the derivatives were not significantly inhibitory. When 4 were added, the derivatives were moderately inhibitory. When 2 or 3 were added, the derivatives were potent inhibitors. Branching in the ether derivatives decreased the potency of the inhibitors.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.4.606

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A field-collected microhymenopteran pupal parasite,Spalangia endiusWalker, was mass-cultured in the laboratory. Releases of these pupal parasites near an experimental population of house flies, which was breeding in poultry manure, caused complete eradication of the house flies within 30 days. All house fly pupae collected from the site 37 days after the releases were parasitized.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.4.609

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Four insecticides were equally effective in controllingAcythrosiphon pisum(Harris) but differed significantly in their impact on selected entomophagous insects. Pirimicarb (2-Dimethylamino-5, 6-dimethylprimidin-4-yl dimethylcarbamate) was generally the least disruptive to populations ofHippodamia convergensGuérin-Méneville,Nabisspp. andOriusspp. and methomyl and Vydate® (5-methyl 1-(dimethlcarbomoyl)-N-[methylcarbamoyl) oxy[ thioformimidate) were the most disruptive.Chrysopaspp. were relatively tolerant to all the materials tested.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.4.612

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A laboratory study was conducted to determine the range of temperatures and humidities at which conidial sporulation and germination ofEntomophthora gammae(Weiser) would occur. The fungus was able to sporulate at relative humidities of 80–100% and was inactivated by humidities of 50% and below. Conidia germinated at 98 and 100%RHand could not survive exposure to humidities below 75%RH.E. gammaesporulated and germinated at 10–26.7°C but could not survive prolonged exposure to 32.2 and 37.8°C. When cadavers were frozen, the pathogen was inactivated in less than 1 h.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.4.615

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Eggs of the Dark strain ofTrichoplusia ni(Hübner) required slightly longer to hatch (less than 1 day) than eggs of the normal strain. Larval and pupal development was similar at temperatures between 19 and 29°C, and adult longevity was similar. Thus the development of progeny of moths of the Dark strain should be synchronized with the development of the normal strain.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.4.619

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The influence of pesticide-sediment associations on pesticide-algae interactions was investigated by examining the inhibitory effects of 3 pesticides on algal photosynthesis in one compartment (axenicEuglena gracilisculture) and 2 compartment (alga plus sediment) systems. Carbon-14 incorporation was used as an indication of photosynthetic activity. A 24-h exposure to either DDT or carbaryl significantly inhibited photosynthesis inE. gracilisat concentrations of 10 ppb or greater. Abate® [O,O'-(thiodi-p-phenylene)O,O,O',O'-tetramethyl phosphorothioate] was only marginally inhibitory at concentrations up to 100 ppb. The presence of sediment was highly significant in reducing the inhibition for all 3 insecticides. This effect of increasing test system complexity is important in extrapolating results of simple laboratory experiments to field conditions.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.4.621

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Rates of ingestion were measured for 9 groups of invertebrate cryptozoans, utilizing radioactive tracer turnover rate measurements. These groups were Diplopoda, Cryptostigmata, Pulmonata, Mesostigmata, Collembola, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, and 2 groups of Araneida. The radioisotopes134Cs and85Sr were considered as the metabolic analogs of potassium and calcium, respectively. Feeding rates were calculated as the ingestion necessary to maintain body pools of these elements. Values obtained were somewhat lower than results reported by others, possibly due to inflated estimates of assimilation for the radioisotopes.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.4.625

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A mixture of Z-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate and Z-11-hexadecen-1-ol in a ratio of 9:1 was found to be a specific attractant for the adult male clover cutworm,Scotogramma trofolii(Rottenberg), in the field. The mixture was used at 0.1 and 1.0 mg on rubber bands and polyethylene carriers in a cylindrical cone-type trap. The pure chemicals alone were nonattractive.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.4.632

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Predatory arthropods were collected from cotton interplanted with corn and sorghum. Collections were made on rows 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, and 21, as one moved away, both north and south, from the grain crops. Predators collected in the greatest numbers were lady beetles, lacewings, nabids, and hooded beetles,Notoxus monodon(F.).No linear or directional effects could be determined in conjunction with the total predator population. On Aug. 23 the lady beetle and lacewing populations exhibited a linear decrease as one moved away from the grain crops.The predator population and percentHeliothisdamaged squares was greatest on the 1st row north of the grain crops.There was a significant difference in yield among the rows (5% level). The yield decreased as one moved away from the grain crops and 78% of this decrease could be attributed to linear effects. The drop in yield amounted to 2.27 lb of stripper cotton per sampling unit or 57.04 1b per acre.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.4.637

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

When a 10% granular formulation of aldicarb was applied at rates of 0.453, 0.907, and 1.360 kg active ingredient/acre to soil in which potatoes were grown, and the days between planting and treatment and between treatment and sampling were varied, residues in potatoes ranged from 0.20 to 0.04 ppm at harvest. When two 3-lb treatments were applied, residues ranged from 0.38 to 0.06 ppm at harvest. Analysis of the peeled potato and potato peeling showed that the residue at the 95% probability level had a small but significantly higher residue in the peel. Baking the potato did not destroy the residue.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/4.4.642

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: OUP