摘要:

Colored seeded snap bean,Phaseolus vulgaris(L.), lines PI 165426, PI 165435 and Cornell 2114–12 were resistant to the seedcorn maggot,Hylemya platura(Meigen), in laboratory and field tests. A colored seeded commercial variety, SpartanArrow, showed moderate resistance while all white seeded snap bean cultivars tested were susceptible. It appears that rapid emergence and/or hard seedcoat influence resistance to seedcorn maggot in snap beans.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/5.4.735

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Life-tables and tables of age-specific fecundity were constructed for the sawtoothed grain beetle,Oryzaephilus surinamensis(L.), and the merchant grain beetle,O. mercator(Fauvel), at a temperature of 30°C and relative humidities of 12, 33, 56, and 74%. These tables were used to calculate the gross rate of reproduction, the net rate of reproduction, the innate capacity for increase, the finite rate of increase, and the generation time. The results indicated that in both species the rate of population growth increases rapidly with humidity between 12 and 56% RH and then remains nearly constant up to at least 74% RH. Neither species was able to complete development at 96% RH.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/5.4.738

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Adults ofApanteles melanoscelus(Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were most abundant in Connecticut in 1975 in mid to late June when most gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria disparL.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) were 4th instars or larger. Fourth instars are much less acceptable than earlier instars as hosts because of the vigorous defensive movements and long body hairs. Also, developmental rates in the laboratory ofA. melanoscelusfrom egg to adult was always slower than development of gypsy moths from 1st to 4th instars. Thus even if the parasite lays eggs in 1st stadial hosts, adults of the next generation cannot emerge before most gypsy moths have become 4th instars. The inability ofA. melanoscelusto parasitize 4th instars together with the long developmental rates of the parasite explain the decreased field parasitism of larger gypsy moths observed in June.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/5.4.743

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Phytophagous insect associations with 5 cultivated and 14 mesophytic and xerophytic wildCucurbitaspp. were recorded for 4 consecutive years. Overwintering striped cucumber beetles,Acalymma vittata(Fab.) were most attracted to the young growth of the Maxima and Ficifolia groups and the wild xerophytic Digitata group. Foliage feeding responses were strongest on the latter group. The spotted cucumber beetle,Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardiBarber, exhibited a high affinity for the Maxima, the wild Lundelliana and Digitata groups. The squash vine borer severly injured the Maxima and Pepo groups. The squash bug,Anasa tristis(DeGeer), showed a high ovipositional preference for the Maxima and Mixta groups and a low preference for all other groups. AllCucurbitaspp. were poor hosts for the melon aphid,Aphis gossypii(Glover), with the wild Sororia and Ficifolia groups most suitable for reproduction. The potato leafhopper,Empoasca fabae(Harris), preferred cultivated species but oviposited on all wild species exceptC. foetidissima(HBK). The potato aphid,Macrosiphum euphorbiae(Thomas), preferred the Sororia and Pepo groups. Principle component analysis revealed that the striped cucumber beetle, squash vine borer and the squash bug showed similar host preference patterns with the Maxima group being the most favored.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/5.4.747

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Marked tabanids released in a Louisiana bottomland hardwood forest were recaptured up to 6.8 km from release points. Calculations performed to correct for lower trapping intensities at greater distances from marking stations indicated a fairly uniform distribution of marked ♀ tabanids from 0.8 to at least 6.8 km from release points.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/5.4.752

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The effectiveness of mechanical removal of substrates for the control of benthic chironomid midge populations in a concrete-lined flood control channel system (draining domestic and industrial waste water and storm water) was studied. Substrates from a 0.80 km long section of one of the channels were mechanically removed. Fine sand and detritus were the 2 predominant types of substrates in the area cleared. Preand post-removal benthic samples were taken at 3 sites in the area cleared of substrates. One site, serving as check, was located upstream in the uncleared area.Midge larvae and pupae belonging to 5 genera were taken. In pre-removal samples taken from the area cleared of substrates, larvae ofCricotopusspp. andDicrotendipessp. predominated and formed 89.1% of the total midge fauna. Pupae constituted 10.1% of the total immature midges. The average midge density in the area cleared of substrates was 1303/0.09 m2prior to the removal of substrates. Samples collected 3 days after removal showed a reduction of 87.0% in the total midge fauna. Satisfactory midge control lasted for 2 weeks. Benthic midge populations recovered completely after 4 weeks.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/5.4.755

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The development of the different stages of the tobacco budworm,Heliothis virescens(F.), was determined at different temperatures. Larval development was similar on 3 diets. Times of the stages were similar to those observed by other workers. Regression equations provide a good estimate of the duration of the egg, larval, and pupal stages at temperatures ranging from 11.1–34°C.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/5.4.759

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A predictive model is developed relating mortality of adult cereal leaf beetles (Oulema melanopus, L.) to the duration and severity of continuous cold exposures. Experiments reveal the importance of a seasonal change in cold tolerance, preconditioning, and recovery from successive cold exposures in determining mortality from exposures of the type encountered in the field.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/5.4.761

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

(Z,E)-9,l2-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate (Z,E-9,12-TDDA), (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (Z-9-TDA), and (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate (Z-9-DDA) significantly reduced captures of ♂Trichoplusia ni(Hübner) when these compounds were evaporated separately in the same trap withT. nisex pheromone, (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate. However, when the same compounds were present throughout a small area (81 m2) as a background odor, catches ofT. nimales in pheromone traps were not affected. The situation was different withSpodoptera exigua(Hübner). Catches in traps were reduced significantly whenZ-9-DDA andZ-9-TDA were evaporated from female-baited pheromone traps and when they were evaporated into the atmosphere surrounding traps.Z,E-9,12-TDDA was also effective in disrupting orientation ofS. exiguamales to females when it was evaporated into the atmosphere. The reasons for the differences in results obtained withT. niin the 2 (trapping and atmospheric permeation) tests are obscure.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/5.4.770

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The microarthropod community of the beach debris, or drift line, on the southeast shore of Lake Ontario was investigated during summer and fall of 1970 to determine the species composition and the influence of drift components and vertical location on community structure. Structural characteristics measured included the arthropod species and volume diversities, habitat diversity, and 3-dimensional ordination.The drift line was composed principally of decaying fish (Alosa pseudoharangusWilson), herbaceous plant fragments, and driftwood. Some species were clearly associated with either the decomposing alewives or the plant debris; others were common to both. Alewife fauna had a lower average species diversity and arthropod volume diversity that that of the plant debris, although alewives supported a much greater arthropod saprovore volume until late fall; values for mixed debris were intermediate. Burial of drift materials by sand had a major effect on species composition, but little or no effect on species diversity or arthropod volume diversity. Species diversity, richness, and equitability were not correlated with the diversity of components in the natural drift line. General comparisons showed the drift line community to be very dissimilar to that of nearby cottonwood leaf litter, which had a higher species diversity.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/5.4.773

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1976

数据来源: OUP