摘要:

The duration of development ofCatolaccus grandis(Burks) (parasitoid of the cotton boll weevil,Anthonomus grandisBoheman) was detennined at seven constant temperatures. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to test the fit of temperature-dependent developmental rates to the poikilotherm and Logan models. The mean total developmental time ofC. grandiswas significantly shorter in males than in females. The females completed development in 38.2, 22.5, 18.7, 15.0, 13.3, and 11.8 d from egg to emergence at 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, and 33°C. Development in males required 32.2, 18.0, 15.3, 13.0, 11.8, and 11.1 d from egg to adult at the same respective temperatures. All individuals were unable to complete development at 36°C, but they developed successfully to the fifth instar at this temperature. No evidence of development was observed at 39°C. The three models tested fitted the data similarly well; however, the Logan 1 model is recommended over Logan 2 because of its simplicity. Developmental rates of the boll weevil and the native parasitoidBracon mellitorSay are compared with those observed onC. grandis. Implications on the adaptability ofC. grandisto the South Texas environment are discussed.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/22.1.226

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1993

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Aceria malherbaeNuzzaci (Acari: Eriophyidae), was imported from Greece to the United States and released in 1989 near Bushland, TX, as a potential biological control agent for field bindweed,Convolvulus arvensisL. (Convolvulaceae). The number of gall mite-infested crowns increased from 2.0/m2in September 1989 to 9.5/m2in June 1991 but decreased to 4.0/m2in June 1992. In September 1991, 76.0% of the crowns were infested, and the gall mites had moved 9.6 m from the plot. Gall mites overwintered on rhizomes 0.1–6.0 cm beneath the soil surface, but 63.1% of those recovered were found in the top 1.0 cm of soil. This represents the first successful establishment of an introduced arthropod for biological control of a crop weed in the United States. The mite is now being released on field bindweed in South Dakota, New Jersey, and Oklahoma.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/22.1.234

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1993

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Laboratory experiments were conducted to quantify effects of resistant and susceptible host plants on the preimaginal and adult biologies of the squash bug,Anasa tristis(De Geer), and its egg parasitoid,Gryon pennsylvanicum(Ashmead). ‘Early Prolific Straightneck’ squash, ‘Green Striped Cushaw’ pumpkin, and ‘Waltham Butternut’ squash served as test plants. Preimaginal development of the squash bug (egg to adult) was similar on all three cultivars (range: 31–35 d). However, survivorship to the adult was significantly lower on ‘Green Striped Cushaw’ and ‘Waltham Butternut’ than on ‘Early Prolific Straightneck’. Statistical differences in survivorship were not observed in second-generation squash bugs, suggesting that some selection may have occurred. Squash bug reproduction and longevity were similar on all three cultivars. However, the reduced juvenile survivorship on ‘Green Striped Cushaw’ and ‘Waltham Butternut’ resulted in significantly lower rmaxvalues on these cultivars than on the more susceptible ‘Early Prolific Straightneck’. The dietary history of adult squash bugs did not significantly affect development, preimaginal survival, or reproduction ofG. pennsylvanicum. However, adult longevity of the parasitoid was significantly reduced when its larvae developed in eggs of squash bugs that were reared on the most resistant cultivar (‘Waltham Butternut’).

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/22.1.238

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1993

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

During a 2-yr survey of Kauai Island, four species of opiine parasitoids were recovered from host fruits infested withBactrocera dorsalis(Hendel) [=Dacus dorsalisHendel];Biosteres arisanus(Sonan),Diachasmimorpha longicaudata(Ashmead),Psyttalia incisi(Silvestri), andBiosteres vandenboschi(Fullaway). These species constituted 87.5, 9, 2.4, and 1.1% of the total parasitoids recovered in 1988, and 95.1, 0.9, 4, and 0.04% of the total parasitoids recovered in 1989, respectively. Total islandwide opiine parasitism rates on the basis of live parasitoids recovered from oriental fruit fly pupae were 41.4% in 1988 and 53% in 1989. Wild common guava,Psidium guajavaL., and strawberry guava,Psidium cattleianumSabine, were the most prevalent hosts infested with oriental fruit fly encountered during our roadside survey. Population studies in a large commercial common guava orchard indicated that oriental fruit fly infestation of fruits was correlated with infestation of wild common guava fruits in surrounding wild habitats. Positive correlations between numbers ofB. arisanus, the dominant parasitoid, and numbers of oriental fruit fly indicated a density-dependent relationship. Overall, percentage parasitism ofB. arisanuswas significantly higher in wild habitats than in orchard habitats. Relative abundance ofD. longicaudata, P. incisi, andB. vandenboschiwere significantly higher in orchard habitats than in wild habitats.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/22.1.246

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1993

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Phytophagous insects in four orders, 19 families, 41 genera, and 50 species comprise the insect fauna ofXanthium occidentaleBertoloni in Northern Territory, Australia. Most insect species were rarely encountered and fed externally on the stems and foliage. Twelve species (24%) were known to breed on the plant, but only 2 (4%) were endophagous. All 26 species for which information on host range was known were polyphagous, and 10 species (20%) were known pests of cultivated plants. Coleoptera accounted for 14% of the species, Hemiptera (Heteroptera) 20%, Hemiptera (Auchenorrhyncha) 52%, Lepidoptera 12%, and Orthoptera 2%. This fauna is compared with the accumulated insect fauna on other introduced plants in the Northern Territory and onX. occidentalein other regions it has colonized. Insects introduced into Northern Territory for the biological control ofX. occidentalewill find largely unexploited food sources.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/22.1.254

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1993

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/22.1.262a

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1993

数据来源: OUP