摘要:

When low numbers ofHaematobia irritans(L.) irradiated with137Cs were released into a native population in Brazos County, TX, they had no effect despite preliminary treatments with insecticide. However, larger releases caused a downward trend in reproduction and resulted in ca. 90% control during the latter part of the study.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.159

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A model is described for stimulation of the population dynamics ofHeliothisspp. The salient features of the model include: (1) developmental means and variances about these means nonlinearly dependent on temperature; (2) separation of the general adult pool through adult attraction to spatially and temporally variant host-plant characteristics; and (3) cannabalism as a function of larval density, age-class structure within larvae, available feeding sites, and larval spatial distribution.Results of an initial simulation effort are also presented.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.163

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Potential food substances were evaluated for their effect onTrichogrammafecundity and longevity. The materials tested included 5 protein diets with an agar base, glucose, fructose, cotton-plant nectar, honey, beef extract in various combinations with honey, and water. The protein formulations and the water did not increase adult fecundity and longevity vs. unfedTrichogramma. Fructose, cotton-plant nectar, honey, and beef extract in various combinations with honey were equally nutritious. There were no significant differences in fecundity and longevity in an experiment comparing unfedTrichogrammavs. ones observed to have fed during a 1.5-h period on honey, 1.0% beef extract, and fructose.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.169

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A closed fumigation system containing a circulating saturated atmosphere of candidate chemosterilants (31 compounds, 26 of them analogues of tepa) was tested with thePectinophore gossypiella(Saunders). Tepa and its analogue, ethyl ester of bis(1-aziridinyl) phosphinic acid, caused a high degree of sterility in both sexes without reduction in longevity, mating, or sperm transfer of the treated insects. Exposure times for the 2 compounds were 1 and 0.5 h, respectively, at 30°C. Rapid and uniform sterilizing treatment can be achieved by fumigation in a dosed circulating system.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.172

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Grubs ofAtaenius spretulusHarold, a scarabaeid turf pest, were encountered at 2 widely separated locations in New York during 1969–71. All field-collected grubs were infected with a bacillus producing a milky disease similar to that produced byBacillus popilliaeDutky orB. lentimorbusDutky in other scarabaeid grubs. This bacillus was noninfective to grubs of the Japanese beetle,Popillia japonicaNewman, and northern masked chafer,Cyclocephala borealisArrow, and only mildly infective to the European chafer,Amphimallon majalis(Razoumowsky).Histological examination of infectedAtaeniusgrubs indicated that sporulation occurred in connective tissue sheaths and possibly also in lobes of the fat-body.Cytological studies showed the general ultrastructure of the spore to be similar to those reported for the other milky disease bacteria. It differed in the smallness of the endospore relative to the size of the whole sporangium, the greater number of ridges formed by the spore coat, and the presence of conspicuous exosporium. The results of our investigations suggest that the etiological agent of theA. spretulusdisease is a new milky disease organism.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.177

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The spore-forming insect pathogen,Bacillus popilliaeDutky, has been used on the E seaboard since the early 1940's to control the Japanese beetle,Popillia japonicaNewman. The sole producer of this bacterial product is the Fairfax Biological Laboratory at Clinton Corners, NY. The product is manufactured under the trade name “Japanese beetle DOOM”. DOOM contains 100 million spores ofBacillus popilliae/g. When it is used to treat a pasture, 2 g are applied/intersection of a 10 or 20-ft grid. Thus the beetles, as they contract the disease and move away from the original point of deposit, gradually spread viable spores throughout the pasture, until complete and permanent protection is afforded.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.182

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Two biological control agents, the parasitic waspBracon hebetorSay, and the predaceous bug,Xylocoris flavipes(Reuter), are currently being evaluated for control of stored-product insects.B. hebetorcommonly attacks larvae of certain stored-product moths such asGalleriaandEphestia(Sweetman 1958). Reinert and King (1971) interactedPlodia interpunctella(Hübner) with different densities ofB. hebetor, to determine which level provided best control. Jay et al. (1968) found thatX. flavipessuppressed 4 species of stored-product Coleoptera in the laboratory. Arbogast et al. (1971) showed thatX. flavipescan be reared on eggs and 1st-stage larvae ofP. interpunctella. The purpose of our study was to determine whether control ofP. interpunctellawould be enhanced or reduced by using these 2 biological control agents simultaneously.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.183

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

It has been postulated that ozone, like ionizing radiation, exerts its major oxidative effects on biological tissue via a free radical mechanism(s). Therefore, ozone has been considered a “radiomimetic” agent (Jaffe 1967; Veninga 1967; Zelac et a1. 1971). Jaffe (1967) has shown ozone to be lethal to small laboratory animals exposed to concentrations of 3.6 to 20 ppm within several hours, and to cause an increase in the mortality rate of animals exposed to 0.01 to 0.25 ppm ozone for several weeks.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.184

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The western spruce bud worm,Choristoneura occidentalisFreeman, like its E counterpart, is host to many parasitoids. The composition of the complex differs. however, with space and time. The only published inventory of parasitoids of the budworm in the Colorado Rockies is by Dowden et al. (1948), who reared budworms and collected parasitoids during the final stages of an outbreak which ended in 1946–1947. A major budworm outbreak developed in the late 1950's, spread over most of the susceptible host type, and collapsed in the early 1960's, except in some areas where it still persists. During this period the parasitoids were studied to identify the species present and to evaluate their role in determining population trends (Dalleske 1963; McKnight 1971 a). This Note updates the earlier inventory.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.186

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Podisus acutissimus Stål is a predaceous pentatomid found only in the SW United States and Mexico. The prey is unknown (Butler and Werner 1960), the insect has rarely been collected in the field, and the species has been sparingly reported in the literature. Butler and Werner (1957 and 1960) collected 23 of the insects in 381 samples taken during 1954–56 from alfalfa, cotton. barley, sorghum, and other plants in the Arizona counties of Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, Santa Cruz, Cochise, and Greenlee. We have collected only 16P. acutissimusin a total of 76,897 sweeps made weekly in alfalfa in Pima County.P. acutissimuswas present in June through September 1970, October and November 1971, and April 1972. (These collections were made in a search for several insect species, of whichP. acutissimuswas 1.)

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.187

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP