摘要:

Host-dependent changes of four detoxification enzymes inTetranychus urticae. Koch were investigated in mites adapted to 14 plant species in 10 families. Relative to a snapbean-adapted mite strain, differences for aldrin epoxidase ranged from 0.4- to 1.5-fold,trans-epoxide hydrolase 0.5- to 1.5-fold,cis-epoxide hydrolase 1- to 3.4-fold, and α-naphthyl acetate esterase 0.4- to 2.4-fold. These host-related differences are much less than reported in other arthropods such as the Noctuidae. Hence, this broadly polyphagous mite may rely only in part on metabolic detoxification to protect it from toxic phytochemicals. Prospects of sequestering plant allelochemicals as an alternative defensive strategy are discussed.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/12.4.1278

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Bean leaf beetle larval movement in response to food and to soil moisture and texture (loamy sand, sandy clay loam, and organic) was studied in laboratory experiments. All larval instars of the bean leaf beetle have the capability for relatively large movements in the soil and will move from unfavorable to favorable food, texture, and moisture conditions. These studies suggest increased desiccation due to cuticle abrasion as one explanation for observed differences in survival among soils.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/12.4.1283

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Stem fauna of the native sunflower species,Helianthus annuusL.,H. petiolarisssp.petiolarisNuttall,H. maxmilianiSchrader, andH. rigidusssp.subrhomboideus(Rydberg) Heiser, which occur in western North Dakota are reported. Species of insects recovered in order of relative abundance were:Cylindrocopturus adspersus(LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae),Mordellistenasp. (Coleoptera: Mordellidae),Suleima helianthana(Riley) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae),Isophrictis similiella(Chambers) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), andDectes sayiDillon and Dillon (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). A single species of parasitoid,Nealiolus curculionis(Fitch) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), was reared fromC. adspersuslarvae.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/12.4.1286

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Total cones produced by western white pine,Pinus monticolaDouglas, and total number attacked by the mountain pine cone beetle (Conophthorus ponderosaeHopkins =C. monticolaeHopkins) were counted during a 5-year study in the Sandpoint Seed Orchard, Sandpoint, Idaho. Cone production and level of beetle attack varied with clone, cone color class, and year. Certain western white pine clones were attacked at consistently higher rates than other clones. In years when cone production and percent cone attack were high, cone beetles showed preference for dark-colored over light-colored cones.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/12.4.1289

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The spatial distribution of western (WCR),Diabrotica virgifera virgiferaLeConte, and northern (NCR),D. longicornis barberiSmith and Lawrence, corn rootworm eggs in the soil was studied in eastern Nebraska under three types of water management systems for 5 years. Eggs were found deeper in the soil under dry conditions. The upper 10 cm of soil contained ca. 80% of the corn rootworm eggs in irrigated fields and ca. 45% in the dryland fields. Eggs were detected to a depth of 35 cm in nonirrigated fields. Under both irrigated and dryland conditions, WCR tended to oviposit more eggs between corn rows rather than in rows. The NCR oviposited significantly more eggs within the corn row in irrigated fields, but only slightly more were found in the rows of dryland fields. Generally, the WCR oviposited deeper in the soil than the NCR.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/12.4.1293

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Feral males ofDiabrotica cristata(Harris) responded to pheromone traps baited with racemic 8-methyl-2-decyl acetate. Further studies revealed that the 2S,8Rconfiguration was the only active stereoisomer. Males ofD. cristatawere captured on pheromone traps in corn and sunflower fields, crops not commonly associated with this insect.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/12.4.1296

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Laboratory feeding studies indicate thatEuseius hibisci(Chant) completed development from egg to adult in 6.7 and 8.7 days on ice plant,Malephora crocea(Jacq.), pollen and citrus thrips,Scirtothrips citri(Moulton) respectively, when confined in ‘Washington’ navel orange leaf arenas. Reproduction values of 1.34 and 0.85 eggs per female per day and total eggs deposited of 27.9 and 17.2 were significantly different for ice plant pollen and immature citrus thrips, respectively. Ice plant and cattail pollen,Typha latifoliaL., were shown to be equally nutritious for continued development and reproduction ofE. hibiscicolonies in the laboratory or greenhouse. Deep freezing both pollens for several months preserved their nutrition and eliminated desiccation and fungal contamination commonly observed for refrigerated pollen. A bench-top system is described to mass rearE. hibiscion lima bean plants provided with ice plant, cattail pollen, or both. An estimated 134,400 females per 1,920 seedlings were observed after week 4 of colonization, which represented a 67-fold increase in numbers.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/12.4.1298

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1983

数据来源: OUP