摘要:

A portable, infrared (IR) detector was designed, constructed, and attached to the top of inverted-cone insect traps. The system was used to record and determine the periodicity and total numbers of tobacco budworms and cabbage loopers caught in traps baited with sex lures. Numbers of moths actually caught in traps equipped with IR detector systems during three different field trials were compared with numbers from count records collated from their respective event-marking recorder systems. The IR detector was reliable in adverse weather conditions and was at least 95% efficient. Traps equipped with the IR detector were battery-powered and were operated in remote, typical agronomic open-field environments.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/14.3.199

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Within-plant distribution ofHeliothisspp. eggs and larvae on cotton was studied in North Carolina from 1980 through 1983. Egg distribution varied from year to year, with either leaves or terminals being the most common oviposition sites. Larvae were most commonly found on bolls, but were found in disproportionately large numbers on flowers and small bolls with dried flower corollas on them. The preference for flowers was less distinct for larvae ofH. virescensthan forH. zealarvae.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/14.3.205

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Cardboard traps painted 48 chromatic or achromatic hues were used to study the attractiveness of colors toDelia antiqua(Meigen) within an onion field. White, the standard chosen for these studies, was always among the most attractive colors tested. With respect to hue, violet and blue were as attractive as white, and significantly more attractive than saturated hues with peak wavelengths between 480 and 700 nm. Yellow was not an attractive hue. Any saturated or unsaturated color that reflected wavelengths between 350 and 480 nm at an intensity greater than or equal to that of violet was as attractive as white. It is suggested that attractiveness of colors toD. antiquain the field is determined by color hue or by saturation, and that the magnitude of a response elicited by hue or saturation is determined by the intensity of attractive key wavelengths. Brightness itself is not a determinant of attraction. White was determined to be the best color for use in a monitoring program forD. antiqua.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/14.3.210

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

By monitoring weekly with house fly (Musca domesticaL.) pupae placed in mesh bags in the manure, 10 species of house fly parasites were found in confined poultry, dairy, beef, swine, and sheep housing:Muscidifurax raptorGirault and Sanders,Spalangia, sp. nov., neardrosophilaeAshmead,S. cameroniPerkins,S. endiusWalker,S. nigroaeneaCurtis,S. drosophilaeAshmead,Pachycrepoideus vindemiae(Rondani),Nasonia vitripennisWalker,Dirhinus texanus(Ashmead) andTrichopriasp. By the same monitoring method five species were recovered from beef and dairy cattle pastures:M. raptor, S. cameroni, S. endius, P. vindemiae, andD. texanus. All sampling was conducted in the Piedmont region of North Carolina.M. raptor, P. vindemiae, andS. cameroniwere the most prevalent parasites in both the confined systems and the pastures, accounting for 95 to 98% of all parasites recovered. House fly pupae exposed to parasites in the confined poultry, swine, and dairy systems exhibited higher rates of parasitism than in the pastures and the beef and sheep barns.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/14.3.217

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Dilutions of honey, sucrose solutions, pollen extract, and combinations were given ad lib toStomoxys calcitrans(Linnaeus) adults. Pollen diffusates in water increased stable fly longevity more than all other diets. Flies given pollen diffusates in sucrose solutions or honey dilutions had significantly lower longevity than those given pure pollen diffusates, indicating that dietary sugar content, rather than protein, dictated release of these materials to the midgut. Whole pollen did not increase stable fly longevity over that of controls. Adult stable flies were kept alive on pollen diffusates for up to 20 days after emergence.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/14.3.223

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Malusspp. recorded as uninfested by leafminers by Pottinger and LeRoux (1971) were exposed to oviposition byPhyllonorycter crataegella(Clemens) in choice and no-choice tests in the laboratory. Leafminers were able to complete their development from egg to adult on all selections screened. ‘Macspur’ was consistently one of the most susceptible varieties whileM. fuscaF-19 was consistently one of the least susceptible, apparently through nonpreference for oviposition. Other selections did not show consistent levels of resistance in both choice and no-choice situations.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/14.3.228

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Potato fields in Arlington and Coloma, Wis., were sampled from June through August in 1981, 1982, and 1983, to develop and evaluate the precision of potato leafhopper (PLH),Empoasca fabae(Harris), sampling programs. Midplant leaf samples provided a more reliable estimate of nymphal density than did top or bottom leaf samples. Both Iwao's patchiness regression and Taylor's power law indicated that PLH adult and nymphal counts exhibited aggregated distribution patterns on potatoes. The parameters of Iwao's patchiness regression were used to determine the number of samples required to obtain a standard error of the mean of 0.25. Our sampling procedures achieved this degree of precision at adult and nymphal densities of 3 per 25 sweeps and 5 per 25 leaves, respectively. A sequential sampling plan for PLH on potatoes, based on the parameters of Iwao's regression and using a combination of nymphal and adult counts for the critical density value, was also developed.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/14.3.231

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Laboratory studies of adultPiezodorus guildiniifeeding on the seeds or pods of five legumes demonstrated that this polyphagous stink bug exhibits differences in reproductive parameters, survival, longevity and body weight depending on food source. Results of these laboratory studies, coupled with previous field observations, suggest thatIndigofera hirsutaandCrotalaria lanceolataserve as important wild hosts in the seasonal phenology ofP. guildinii.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/14.3.237

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Mixed-function oxidase availability in the detoxification of rotenone by the herbivorous spider mite,Tetranychus urticae, and its predator mite,Amblyseius fallacis, was estimated by synergism with piperonyl butoxide. Oxidase availability was lower when the mites were reared on cucumbers than when they were reared on lima bean varieties. This was not due to the presence of cucurbitacins, because there were no significant differences in LC50's between mites reared on bitter and nonbitter cucumber varieties. The herbivore was not significantly more affected by plant species than the predator.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/14.3.243

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Conidial suspensions ofBeauveria bassiana(Balsamo) Vuillemin,Metarhizium anisopliaevar.anisopliae(Metschnikoff) Sorokin,Metarhizium flavovirideGams and Rozsypal,Paecilomyces farinosus(Dickson ex Fries) Brown and Smith, andPaecilomyces fumosoroseus(Wize) Brown and Smith were tested in the laboratory for pathogenicity toOtiorhynchus sulcatusF. andSitona lineatusL. eggs and neonate larvae. All fungi tested, exceptB. bassiana, were infectious forO. sulcatuseggs.Metarhizium flavovirideoutperformed all other fungi and it was the only species effective againstSitona lineatus. The grubs ofO. sulcatusandS. lineatushatching from treated but apparently unaffected eggs were susceptible to all fungi tested and the overall cumulative mortality for eggs and grubs was high in both insect species.Metarhizium flavoviridewith a very low LD50(1 × 101spores ml−1) was also the fastest to attackO. sulcatus(LT50= 9.6 days at 108conidia ml−1). The lowest LD50forS. lineatuswas 4.2 × 102conidia ml−1withP. fumosoroseusandM. flavoviridewas the fastest acting fungus with a LT50= 6.9 days at 108conidia ml−1. INRA isolatesM. flavoviride88 andB. bassiana142 are promising candidates to control both weevil species.

ISSN:0046-225X    

DOI:10.1093/ee/14.3.247

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1985

数据来源: OUP