摘要:

AbstractAn extensive stereotaxic stimulation study of the pigeon brain was conducted with monitoring of heart rate, arterial blood pressure and respiration. Rostrally, short latency tachycardia, hypertension and hyperpnea were elicited from the archistriatum, occipitomesencephalic tract and hypothalamus. In addition, blood pressure decreases followed by long latency tachycardia were elicited from the septal complex, although occasionally slight bradycardia occurred.Tachycardia, hypertension and hyperpnea were elicited from many midbrain sites including the lateral reticular formation, ventrolateral tegmentum, ventral area of Tsai, the midline region between nucleus interpeduncularis and the oculomotor complex, and nucleus mesencephalicus lateralis, pars dorsalis. In addition, moderate tachycardia and hypotension were elicited from the central gray and nucleus intercollicularis while tachycardia, hypertension and hyperpnea were elicited from the tegmental area in the region of the occipitomesencephalic tract.At pontine levels, hypertension and cardioacceleration were elicited from a sparsely celled region lateral to the nucleus abducens and from a ventrolateral tegmental region. With respect to respiratory responses, hyperpnea was elicited from the ventrolateral brainstem at all pontine levels and from the dorsomedial region at rostral pontine levels. In caudal pons apnea was the consistent respiratory response to stimulation of the dorsomedial brainstem. In addition, cardio‐acceleration, hypertension and apnea were elicited from the region of the deep cerebellar nucleus cerebellus internus and from its major outflow, the uncinate fasciculus.Finally, stimulation in the medulla elicited bradycardia and hypotension from the vagal rootlets, solitary complex, descending vestibular nucleus and lateral aspect of the dorsal motor nucleus just rostral to the obex. Tachycardia and hypertension were elicited from the medial aspect of the dorsal motor nucleus, medullary reticular formation ventral to the vagal rootlets and ventrolateral medull

ISSN:0092-7317    

DOI:10.1002/cne.901500202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to study the mode of interaction in mice of mutant genes that affect the motor activities and cerebellar cytoarchitectonics, double mutants affected by both the “staggerer” and “weaver” conditions were produced. The cerebellum of the double mutant mouse showed features present in both of the two single mutant cerebella. As to the features that were common to both single mutant cerebella, they were either more accentuated or similar to those found in one of the two single mutants which showed the greater change, with the possible exception of cerebellar f

ISSN:0092-7317    

DOI:10.1002/cne.901500203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPortions of axons of bipolar cells in the retina of the smooth dogfishMustelus caniswere sectioned serially and examined by electron microscopy. The studied axons generally could be related to a bipolar cell sub‐type identified by light microscopy. Bipolar cell axons make ribbon synapses onto amacrine processes and ganglion cell dendrites, and onto ganglion cell perikarya. Bipolar cell ribbon synaptic complexes varied as to the number of post‐synaptic processes (1–3) and the orientation of the ribbon with respect to the post‐synaptic membrane. Amacrine processes made numerous conventional synapses onto bipolar cell axons, but reciprocal synapses between amacrine and bipolar cells constituted only 3–25% of all synapses observed.The number of ribbon synapses per unit area of bipolar cell axon membrane differed little among bipolar cell sub‐classes. However, the density of amacrine cell conventional synapses was markedly lower for thin, horizontally‐oriented bipolar cell axons than for axons of other bipolar cell types.Gap junctions were noted between bipolar cell axons of the same sub‐type. They are structurally similar to gap junctions between horizontal cells inMustelusretina and to those found elsewhere in the

ISSN:0092-7317    

DOI:10.1002/cne.901500204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe proliferation of glial cells outside the subependymal layer of the lateral ventricle as well as of endothelial cells was studied autoradiographically in the brain of the adult and untreated mouse. The double labeling method with3H‐ and14C‐thymidine was applied in order to show experimentally the existence of a DNA synthesis phase (S phase) and to measure its duration. Adult mice received a first injection of14C‐thymidine, two or four hours later a second injection of3H‐thymidine and were sacrificed one hour after the last injection by perfusion fixation. Double layer autoradiographs were made from serial sections of the region from the corpus callosum/commissura anterior up to the corpus callosum/commissura fornicis ventralis in order to register purely3H‐, doubly3H‐ and14C‐, and purely14C‐labeled nuclei. From the ratio of all3H‐labeled cells with and without14C to the purely3H‐labeled cells a DNA synthesis phase of 9.4 ± 0.5 hours for glial cells and one of 11.0 ± 2.2 hours for endothelial cells was obtained. Based on the first appearance of labeled mitoses and labeled pairs of glial cells after injections of labeled thymidine the G2phase was estimated to be

ISSN:0092-7317    

DOI:10.1002/cne.901500205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractElectron microscopy of the area postrema reveals two types of small blood vessels, a large sinusoidal variety and one of smaller diameter. Both are surrounded by perivascular connective tissue sheaths bounded on both inner and outer aspects by well developed basal laminae. In experimental argyria, dense granules are massively deposited in the basal laminae of the large sinusoidal vessels, and more delicately in the laminae of smaller capillaries. By analogy with the similar massive deposits of silver in renal glomeruli, this suggests an extensive transport of fluid from the sinusoids into the perivascular spaces. Neurons, their processes and endings are present in the perivascular spaces, indicating an endocrine function to this neural structure. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with x‐ray analysis reveals the dense granules in argyric animals to contain both silver and sulfur, thus suggesting that much if not all of the stored silver is in the form of its sulfid

ISSN:0092-7317    

DOI:10.1002/cne.901500206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract1The projections of the anterior commissure of the pigeon (Columba livia) were studied experimentally using the Fink‐Heimer methods. The anterior commissure was sectioned immediately to one side of the midline, and animals sacrificed from 2 to 17 days post‐operatively.2The anterior commissure divides into two major fascicles on crossing the midline: a relatively diffuse anterior medial branch (or pars bulbaris), and a more compact laterally directed posterior branch (the pars temporalis).3The pars bulbaris passes rostrally medial to the lateral forebrain bundle (FPL), terminating, in course, in an area ventrolateral to the nucleus accumbens, the lobus parolfactorius, the dorsal portions of the olfactory tubercle, and in restricted regions on the medial edge of PA, neostriatum, and hyperstriatum ventrale. At the rostral end of the telencephalon the pars bulbaris converges with the pars temporalis in the region of the hyperstriatum intercalatus superior (HIS).4The pars temporalis of the anterior commissure terminates in the anterior one‐third of the contralateral archistriatum. Numerous fibers leave the archistriatum and follow two separate trajectories: a dorsolaterally projecting pathway terminating in the temporo‐parieto‐occipital corticoid area (TPO of Edinger 1903), which continues anterolaterally to HIS; a ventrolateral rostrally directed path which parallels the tractus fronto‐archistriaticus, terminating in the deep layers of the piriform cortex. At rostral levels this latter bundle turns dorsally to merge with the anteromedial and dorsolateral trajectories in the region of HIS.5The pattern of termination in the archistriatum indicates the presence of several discrete subnuclei within the anterior archistriatum. A tentative terminology is suggested for the major subdivisions of the anterior archistriatum.There were no commissural projections to those specific sensory neuronal fields in direct receipt of thalamic efferents such as the ectostriatum, Field L or the v

ISSN:0092-7317    

DOI:10.1002/cne.901500207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe central gustatory pathways of the albino rat have been traced using a combined electrophysiological‐neuroanatomical technique.Gustatory responses in the medulla were recorded in the region of the solitary nucleus which receives the seventh nerve primary afferents. Fibers traced from lesions of these recording sites did not cross as expected into the medial lemniscus, but instead travelled rostrally to terminate ipsilaterally in a small celled area dorsal and ventral to the brachium conjunctivum as it enters the pons.Since gustatory responses could be recorded in this region it represents a previously undescribed secondary “pontine taste area.” Lesions of PTA result in degeneration of a bilateral ascending pathway travelling in the dorsomedial tegmentum to terminate in the classical gustatory nuclei of the thalamus. Other fibers in this pathway continue rostrally and distribute in the subthalamus, dorsolateral hypothalamus and subpallidal gray in the ventral forebrain.These findings in a mammal resemble those established nearly three quarters of a century ago by Herrick ('05) in the carp, and confirm his prediction that “broad lines of similarity [would be found] between both the peripheral and central gustatory paths in all verte

ISSN:0092-7317    

DOI:10.1002/cne.901500208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0092-7317    

DOI:10.1002/cne.901500201

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY