摘要:

ABSTRACT:The paper describes the structure and state of industrial relations in the Federal Republic of Germany and discusses perspectives and problems of their future development. Its composition follows the syllabus of an internationally comparative research project.

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1988.tb00138.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:One of the most disquieting features of the situation prevailing in many European market‐economy countries over the last fifteen years has been the persistence of high levels of unemployment. Employment and labour force prospects were recently examined by the experts of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe as part of the process for the preparation of an Overall Economic Perspective to the Year 2000. The purpose of this paper is to briefly present some of the scenarios which were prepared for this project and to examine some of their main implications, particularly with respect to the overall labour demand and supply balance in western Europe. Particular attention is paid in the paper to the process of working time reduction, the emergence of new patterns of work and their possible impact on employment prospect

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1988.tb00139.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The purpose of this paper is to test whether a Marginal Employment Subsidy program (MES) is effective in reducing the length of unemployment spells. Our test is constructed in such a way as to isolate the direct effect of the MES from the business cycle effect (i.e. the variation in unemployment that would have normally occurred in the absence of the program). Specifically, we estimate a Markov chain duration model with time‐varying covariates and we test if eligibility for an MES increases the hazard rate of leaving unemployment. One of the time‐varying covariates is an index of macro‐economic performance that controls for the variation in the hazard rate due to business cycle fluctuations. The net effect of the MES offered by theAgenzia del Lavoroof Trento, Italy, is shown to be significantly positive: the Marginal Employment Subsidy program increases the re‐employment probability and reduces the expected duration of unemployment by twenty one

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1988.tb00140.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:In this paper we use survival analysis to estimate a reduced form model of the determinants of unemployment and unemployment registration durations. The variables considered in the analysis include personal characteristics, local demand conditions, unemployment income, and the time spent unemployed. The data set was collected both through personal interviews and Employment Service files and includes information on the individual history of a sample of displaced workers who were laid off during 1983 because of plant closings and job cuts in some industrial districts of the metropolitan area of Milan.The parametric models included in the analysis are based on the Weibull, Log‐logistic and Log‐normal distributions. The results do not show the existence of negative time depende

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1988.tb00141.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:In this paper the author presents a model of unemployment inflows and outflows for the Italian labour market. The flows that the author attempts to estimate are the unemployment inflows and outflows from and to employment. The aggregate estimation suggests that a crucial role is played by the aggregate demand and wage variables, and by the structural change variable. The paper also presents intersectoral estimations of SURE, which take into consideration the flows between Industry and Services. The results are along the lines of those obtained at the aggregate level. An important factor which should be underlined, however, is the asymmetric pattern of the wage variable in the industrial and services sector.

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1988.tb00142.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The purpose of this paper is to formulate an initial hypothetical framework describing microeconomic behavior of labour market agents in a dynamic model of social equilibrium. To this end we outline an alternative hypothesis concerning the process of determination of labour demand and of the allocation of employment requirements on a generational basis. Reformulating the microeconomic model to consider labour as a quasi‐fixed factor, comparable to a population, and which follows a biological, more than a mechanical logic, the paper assigns primary roles to careers and dual markets, the first‐job market, and factors of asynchrony and social control mechanisms. At the same time, the generational determinants of the supply of labour are identified, together with the processes of identification and selection between labour demand and supply. On the basis of these considerations the concept of the generational paradigm is brought into the analysis. This paradigm designates the set of determinants of labour supply and demand behavior that are functions of time, of social and institutional variables, and of the technical and organizational structure of production. The paper ends with an initial thesis that the working of the generational paradigm is a crucial factor in the overall social equilibr

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1988.tb00143.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Recent decisions of the Italian government have widened the salary differential between university researchers and professors. This article investigates whether or not it would be opportune to adopt such a policy. In particular it evaluates the problems that might arise in adopting a self‐selection wage policy, when workers’risk aversion and preferences on time profile of income or the accumulation of human capital are brought into p

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1988.tb00144.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:During the eighties Italy has evolved into being a receiver of immigration. However, the existence of large Italian communities abroad, and the persistence of exit migratory flows (although amply compensated by re‐entry flows) show that the connotation of Italy as a country of emigration still persists. This paper points out the differing composition of present immigration flows to Italy compared to those of Italian migratory flows towards the more industrially advanced European countries over the past decades. The labour forces that constitute these present day immigration flows often possess medium to high educational qualifications, and are more frequently absorbed into the tertiary and agricultural markets, rather than the industrial sector. These immigrants rarely have regular, unionized occupations, and satisfy a demand for precarious, unstable labour which is in expansion in Italy, as in other countries. Furthermore, these immigration flows are directed not only towards those regions with high employment rates, but also to those with high unemployment rates. Thus, the implications are that the character of present day emigration can only be clearly understood by taking into account the highly segmented aspect of the labour marke

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1988.tb00145.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY