摘要:

AbstractConventional economic theory explains labor market outcomes in terms of the interaction of autonomous individual actors who continually calculate the relative advantages of different possible actions they might take. But it has trouble explaining cooperation among individuals in these terms; and even individualistic behavior in this model is based upon a series of prior misunderstandings, or causal models, which the actors are simply assumed to possess. This paper utilizes cognitive theory to explore the nature of these prior understandings, how we got them and the way in which they are likely to be revised and updated through experience. This explanation suggests that economic behavior is much more dependent upon direct interaction among individuals than conventional theory implies and it makes trust and cooperation central to economic activity. But it raises serious questions about whether a dynamic economic system could ever be housed in the competitive institutional structure which conventional theory prescribes.

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1993.tb00201.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere have been recent advances in the understanding of trade unions by modeling union objectives as maximizing a neoclassical utility function. While this literature is most relevant for autonomous and homogeneous local unions, there are also numerous large, heterogeneous trade unions in many countries. This paper illustrates that social choice theory presents a more realistic framework for explicitly modeling the aggregation of potentially diverse preferences within trade unions.

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1993.tb00202.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1993.tb00203.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe article argues that there is a need for a new theory of production economics. The premise is that the only extant theory of production in orthodox discourse depends on the maximising model of human behaviour. Adam Smith's bifurcation of economic theory into the province of self‐interest and that of justice also blocked off the potential for germinating a theory of production that would draw on motives other than self‐interest. The foundations for such an approach have already been set out by Bray in a neglected study. He suggested that mathematical economics was held back, rather than advanced, by its bondage to static equilibrium analy

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1993.tb00204.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1993.tb00205.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWhereas part‐time working remains the exponentpar excellenceof the flexibility of female employment, its relative growth seems to have come to a standstill in both Denmark and the United Kingdom as far as women are concerned, and for men it is now becoming more a matter of young people offsetting studies and work. In France, the Netherlands, Belgium, the UK, Ireland and Germany, the increase in female employment between 1983 and 1989 is largely attributable to the growth of part‐time employment. The difference with respect to the countries of the South of Europe is striking since the proportion of part‐time working there is low, and has not increased significantly since 1983. Its concentration in already very close sectors, its non‐optional nature, insecurity and awkward working hours make part‐time employment of very little personal value for

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1993.tb00206.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe populations of industrialised countries, particularly in Europe, are ageing. Due to this demographic development social expenditure will increase, while the labour force will be growing only slowly or declining. These developments will have major economic implications. The number of people employed, the productivity per worker and the trend in their real earnings will be important factors constituting the base for levying taxes and premiums for financing social expenditure in the future. In this paper it is argued that the promotion of part‐time employment contributes to a better utilisation of the labour supply potential in a country, to the broadening of the base for financial social security expenditure and at the same time reduces the number of benefits drawn. Some policy recommendations to promote part‐time employment are also presen

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1993.tb00207.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne of the more important aspects of French labour market changes since the mid‐1970s is the growth of temporary work; fixed‐term contracts and interim contracts. With a survey of French literature since the early 1980s, this article analyses explanatory factors of temporary work: macroeconomic factors: institutional framework, workforce supply to user firms, economic fluctuations; microeconomic factors: firm/ plant characteristics, economic and social firm strategies. Models of firms supplying temporary jobs are presen

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1993.tb00208.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEqual pay for work of equal value has come to be seen as the policy most likely to reduce the gender earnings gap. This paper explores the theoretical basis for widespread undervaluation of women's work and argues that institutionalised discrimination in the labour market also affects internal pay and grading structures. Recent recognition of the scope for discretion in pay determination undermines the “market forces” argument against equal value. The current wage structure reflects an outdated model of social and family organisation. Much poverty is now the result of women seeking economic independence in a market which rewards them as subordinate family members. However, the main obstacles to equal value lie in labour market institutions. The increasing fragmentation of pay bargaining and moves to performance‐related pay will reduce rather than promote the relationship between pay and job co

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1993.tb00209.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper deals with measuring unemployment and labour market attachment in Italy, on the basis of Labour Force Survey data. Based on the answers to a set of questions on search for work, a cluster analysis is performed, which yields four groups, clearly characterized as regards their labour market conditions and attachment. Analyses are then carried out on the gross flows between these groups, estimated over a quarterly interval. Results of the dynamic analysis confirm the relevance of the classification established through exploratory techniques. The various groups exhibit a different dynamic behaviour, thus documenting that the exploratory classification has predictive power.

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1993.tb00210.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY