摘要:

ABSTRACT:This paper analyses the duration of unemployment spells and the possible incidence of unemployment insurance on job search behaviour and voluntary duration of unemployment in Spain. To do so, a longitudinal data set containing information on unemployment recipients during the period 1987‐93 is used. Hazard rates and survival profiles are constructed for the cohorts of unemployed workers entering the benefit system at different points in time, and a logit model of the probability of leaving the system before exhausting entitlement period is presented. The results do not support the view that the unemployed tend to intensify their job search when benefits are near exhaustio

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1996.tb00084.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Various unemployment duration models are estimated on a large Norwegian dataset covering labour market history 1.1.1989‐31.12.1992 for all persons who became unemployed during October 1990. As many unemployed leave the unemployment register without going directly to a job, two alternative definitions of unemployment are used — register unemployment and joblessness. The problem of heterogeneity is addressed both by partitioning the individuals into four categories by previous unemployment history, and by including a random term in the job hazard. Observed as well as unobserved heterogeneity affects the estimates of expected duration to a great extent. When gamma‐distributed unobserved heterogeneity is accounted for, the estimates of duration dependence become more positive relative to models where unobserved heterogeneity is ignored. Among persons who are entitled to unemployment benefit, the duration dependence appears to be significantly positive. Alternative specifications of the baseline hazard hardly affect estimates of the effects of the covariates on dur

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1996.tb00085.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Using newly collected firm‐level data, this paper analyzes the effect of mergers on the earnings and employment of pilots, flight attendants, and mechanics in the US airline industry between 1971 and 1990. The results show that mergers had a significant and largely negative impact on flight attendants’earnings but have a limited impact on mechanics’and none on pilots’earnings. Mergers have no significant direct impact on employment for pilots or mechanics but affected flight attendants’employment negatively. The indirect impact of reduced activity following mergers did lead to an overall negative impact on employment for pilots and significantly increased the magnitude of the effect for flight a

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1996.tb00086.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:In the Netherlands, interest in the measurement of the effects of training has increased. In most cases this measurement has been done by drawing conclusions on analyses with samples of firms. However, individual companies will be more interested in the effects of training within their own organisation. In this paper we discuss possible methods of measuring the effects of training within an organisation. A crucial element of such an analysis is the use of performance indicators of individual workers. A first application of such a method in the Civil Service shows positive effects of training. However, the size of the effects should not be overrated.

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1996.tb00087.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Using Norwegian data from interviews with about 3,500 employees in 759 establishments, the male‐female wage differential is decomposed into its between and within establishment components. In the private sector, the gross wage differential of 23 percent is reduced to 13 by checking for human capital and job characteristics, and to 8 by (also) checking for industry and establishment affiliation. Only this within‐establishment differential will be affected by equal pay and comparable worth legislation. In the public sector the gross wage gap between men and women is smaller (17 percent). The inter‐establishment component is very small, probably due to centralized wage setting and standardized pay schemes. This has not, however, affected the within‐establishment differential which is as large as in the private

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1996.tb00088.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:The 1990 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth is utilized to explore the effects that the occupational crowding of immigrants has on the real wages of indigenous and non‐US citizen workers already in the United States. Findings include adverse wage effects as a result of the crowding of immigrants on the following worker categories: (1) indigenous, unskilled, white or black workers and (2) non‐US citizen, skilled or unskilled black workers. Foreign‐born, skilled, and white workers already in the US realize a positive effect on their real wages as a result of having a large relative number of non‐US citizens in their occu

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1996.tb00089.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:In this work we analyse the common dynamic properties of wage inflation, price inflation, unemployment and labour productivity using Italian annual data (1960‐90, source: Prometeia). Applying multivariate cointegration technique we test for the presence of a wage equation and a price mark‐up equation. The preferred identification suggests that it is possible to build up an error correction representation for the wage inflation, in which the rate of acceleration in wages depends on the contemporaneous rate of acceleration in prices and on the adjustment to long‐run disequilibrium as represented by a Phillips type relation. This representation is rejected for the price inflation which turns out to be weakly exogenous within the system. Furthermore, there is evidence that wage inflation does not Granger‐cause price inflation. The overall conclusion is that wage inflation does not contribute in explaining the price inflation process and the traditional mark‐up view of inflation is not supported by data. The policy implication is that monetary policy need not respond to wage data because they do not contain additional information about the future path of

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1996.tb00090.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:It has often been argued, that within the German system of co‐determination the works council has an unparalleled participative role, which goes well beyond any voice function of trade unions in the Anglo Saxon tradition. Nevertheless, there is surprisingly little empirical evidence, whether and to what extent works councils influence employers’dismissal and employees’quit decisions.Analyzing a representative sample of private sector firms that have to obey the Dismissal Protection Act of 1969 and the Works Constitution Act of 1972, the paper finds that firms with a works council have an annual dismissal rate which is 1.6 percentage points lower than the one experienced by firms wthout a plant‐level interest representation. At the same time, firms with a works council have a quit rate which is 1.5 percentage points lower than the one in firms without such interest representation. Union density, on the other hand, has no statistically significant influence on either the dismissal or the quit rate. Apparently, it is the works councils that in both cases act as a collective “voice institution”, serving as a direct channel of communication between workers and management.Although it is difficult to reach a safe conclusion about the net economic impact of works councils on the employment behavior of firms, the findings lend some support to the following assumption: since hiring and training costs are usually higher than firing costs, firms on average benefit from the presence of a works council with regard to their user costs of labor: the “savings” due to avoided voluntary quits apparently more than compensate for the additional spendings for severance payments and the costs of c

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1996.tb00091.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Micro‐policy instruments are often grouped into labour subsidies and capital subsidies. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect on employment of labour and capital subsidies when the wage rate is endogeneous. The problem is studied within a sequential three‐stage model, integrating the investment decision, wage‐bargaining and the employment decision. The paper demonstrates that labour subsidies may fail, depending on technology and the risk aversion of the wo

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1996.tb00092.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Despite growing evidence on the potential influence of monopsony power in modern labour markets, the standard monopsony theory of discrimination, at least with respect to pay differences by gender, is inconsistent with the empirical evidence on the association between relative pay and comparative labour supply elasticities. In this paper, we develop a general oligopsony model in which we argue that differences in the conjectural variation parameter can reconcile the empirical evidence with a model of discrimination based on imperfect competition in the labour market. Discrimination emerges from asymmetric collusion in the presence of employer power, without the need to incorporate a Beckerian‘taste for discrimination’parame

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1996.tb00093.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY