摘要:

ABSTRACTIn Japan, divorce rates have more than doubled since the mid‐1960s, and female paid employment has increased rapidly in the past few decades. By applying a conventional economic model of labor force participation to micro‐level data gathered from a nationally representative sample survey, this paper shows that Japanese married women who have contemplated divorcing their husbands are more likely to participate in the workforce as full‐time paid employees. This finding suggests that an increasing risk of divorce has made a substantial contribution to the fast rise in Japanese women's participation in paid employment, particularly full‐ti

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1994.tb00223.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to study the determinants of the attribution of alimony to women after divorce, and to examine the main determinants of its amount. Three different theoretical models of marriage may influence judges'decision in attributing alimony: an investment‐type marriage, a trade‐type marriage or an association‐type marriage. An estimation of the corresponding dichotomic variable is run using data we collected from six French courts. Results show that the probability of obtaining alimony is strongly increased if the divorce is declared to be the husband's fault; labour market participation of the ex‐wife exerts a negative effect, as well as a decrease in relative wages of husband and wife. Finally, it appears that the amount of alimony is independent of the amount of child

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1994.tb00224.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper examines empirically the relationship between single‐parenthood and absolute poverty in Great Britain. Data from two years of theFamily Expenditure Surveyare used (1968 and 1986). A poverty measure that is additively decomposable with population share weights, and consistent with Sen's axiomatic approach to poverty measurement, is used to decompose the total amount of poverty into the “shares” accruing to different types of households (i.e. female and male single‐parents, two‐parent households and “other” types of households). Three main conclusions concerning the poverty experience of British single‐parents emerge from the analysis. The first is that poverty rates for single‐parent households are generally higher than the average for all households. However, this disadvantage is not as large as one might expect, especially when a comparison is made with two‐parent households. The second is that single‐parent households are over‐represented in the ranks of the poor. That is, their “share” of total poverty is greater than their population share. The third is that increasing single‐parenthood has had little impact on the overall trend in absolute pover

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1994.tb00225.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn this paper we analyze the relationship between post‐divorce private transfers (child support and alimony), mothers' economic independence and children's welfare using US data. Our empirical results show that mothers who receive child support and alimony from absent fathers are more likely to work and to spend a higher proportion of the income on child‐related goods. We argue that the pattern of empirical results is consistent with there being significant externalities between parents even after divo

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1994.tb00226.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe subject of this paper is the relationship between female labour force participation, fertility decisions and marital instability and pursues a two‐fold objective: to explain the nature of the interdependences between participation and procreation decisions; and to look for, through empirical evidence, an explanation for women's labour force participation and fertility dynamics over the last 20 years. The empirical evidence, based on a panel of 19 countries over the period 1965–1989, shows that variables representing marital instability have an important role in woman's labour supply and fertility dynamics during this per

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1994.tb00227.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe authors describe the most recent trends in separation and divorce in Italy using ISTAT data for the 1980–1991 period. The analysis shows a rising instability of marriage and thus a lessening of the gap between Italy and other western countries. The total divorce rate rose from three percent in the early 1980s to eight percent at the end of the 1980s. The analysis shows that the increasing breakdown of marriages is not due to “changes in timing” but to a real trend of ending marriages. Older couples have contributed more than younger couples to more unstable marriages over the past decade. Other variables continue today, as in the past, to be closely related to the instability of marriage in

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1994.tb00228.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTWe present a dynamic forecast model for the labour market: demand for labour by education and the distribution of labour by education among industries are determined endogenously with overall demand by industry given exogenously. The model is derived from a simple behavioural equation based on a strong relationship between the “strength” in the struggle for jobs of an educational group, and the change in relative supply. This relationship proves to be significant in the data. Furthermore, when used to forecast employment by education on real data, the model predicts reasonably well even for educational groups, where the initial forecast year is a change point for unemploym

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1994.tb00229.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper studies the relationship between the level of education and the probability of re‐employment. Using a search theoretical model, it is shown that on the lowest levels additional education increases the probability of re‐employment, but on the highest levels the relationship turns negative. Finnish microeconomic data on unemployed workers show that unemployed people who have 13–14 years of education have the highest re‐employment prob

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1994.tb00230.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY