摘要:

Abstract.This study has been carried out by the Research Centre for Education and Labour Market (ROA) as part of a long‐range research project commissioned by the Ministry of Education and Sciences. The objective of the project is to develop an education/labour‐market information system to help secondary and university students choose the right type of school and/or occupation (ROA 1988).The study reported on here sets out to disclose the factors underlying the development of the occupational pattern. The shares of occupational classes in each economic sector are taken as points of departure. The explanatory variables are technological progress and cyclical and structural sectoral developments. For each occupational class, an estimation is made with the help of a linear model, the estimation method being that of Weighted Least Squares. To permit several variables to be included in the equation, the data have been pooled over sectors and time. In two fifths of all cases, a model with explanatory variables has been chosen; in the remaining instances a sector‐dummy model was found to su

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1990.tb00019.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Job mobility refers to the movement of people between jobs with different employers. It is an important means of adjustment in the labour market because it facilitates structural changes in the economy. This paper presents the results of a comparative study on job mobility in 6 countries: France, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom and the USA.Some of these countries use both labour force surveys and establishment surveys to gather information on job mobility, while other countries only use one of them. The paper uses information from both types of survey held in the seventies and the eighties and describes the developments and the structure of job mobility in the 6 countries. An empirical cross‐country analysis shows that job mobility is positively correlated with the growth of employment and negatively correlated with the unemployment rate. There appear to be hardly any structural differences in job mobility between the USA, Sweden, France and the UK. Job mobility in the Netherlands is structurally lower than in the other countries, while job mobility in Japan is structurally lower than in the Netherland

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1990.tb00020.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Previous analyses of the wage/profit relationship at a disaggregative level in Britain have given positive results for pre‐war years but negative results for early post‐war years. However, this is probably due to the increasingly unreliable nature of the enterprise‐ based profits series published in the National Accounts until 1982. We have constructed, instead, what are essentially establishment‐based Census data on profits for fourteen manufacturing industries, up to 1986. We have also been able to extend the disaggregative unemployment data, the publication of which also ceased in 1982. The wage equations that we have estimated include profits and unemployment (and other variables) in an explicit Nash bargaining model, in line with widely held views as to the way that wage negotiations are actually conducted. The results obtained show a highly significant role for profits, as well as having other implications, notably the positive (hysteresis) effect of industry unemployment, by contrast with the normal negative effect of aggregate unemployment, and the important effects of relative wages ‐ which play a large role in various disaggregative studies of the propagation of

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1990.tb00021.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.At the end of 1992customs barriers will fall and the European Internal Market will be realized, as envisaged by the Single European Act signed in 1986 by the EEC's member countries. Statistical Offices are preparing to meet the new information requirements from all the economic and social forces of the new Europe. EUROSTAT planned a politically endorsed statistical programme and established the European Statistical Planning Committee, enlarging the tasks of the Conference of the Heads of National Statistical Institutes. Each National Statistical Institute is urgently required to improve the comparability of statistics and implement the harmonised projects of the European Statistical Programme.Official statistics will conform to the new requirements in order to supply the business world, national governments, the EEC authorities and public opinion with up‐to‐date information to face a wider, more open and competitive market. The business world will focus its attention on information on the flows by sectors and very small areas. Statistics on intra‐community foreign trades will shift from customs bills to new tools more directly assigned to national statistical bodies. National governments and EEC countries will need more information on population behaviour as to employment, consumptions, use of leisure time, fruition of public facilities, and social security, as well as more precise estimates of GDP, now the basic contribution to EEC budget. Citizens and public opinion will ask for timely information on migrations, social mobility, income distribution. Demographic projections show the European population is progressively ageing, unemployment is bound to decrease and women are going to be more present within society and the labour market. Information on the home care of elderly people. health, environment, crime prevention and the status of women in general will have to be supplied.Presently Statistics Offices have greater experience in two essential domains: conceptual frameworks and the techniques for conceptual statistical representation of the investigated events. Moreover, the improving of computer technology will provide substantial help to survey methodologies and data proce

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1990.tb00022.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In this paper we analyse the direct relationship between the cost of labour and employment in diverse service industries. In contrast to most existing studies, we assume that the tertiary sector is highly differentiated h terms of reactions to both supply and demand factors.The study suggests that we must reasses the relevance of demand factors, but it also confirms that the real cost of labour is a crucial determinant of certain kinds of service employment. Country comparisons have made US sensitive to the fact that the relationship between employment and the cost of labour is far from being globally similar. Each country exhibits behaviour in line with the peculiarities of its labour market.

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1990.tb00023.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The study defines the role that supplementary funded pension plans could play in the Italian pension system. It also outlines the redistributive effects of pension benefits drawing on a survey of households' income. Finally it provides a brief assessment of the main problems of the Italian pension system.

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1990.tb00024.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.This paper deals with measuring unemployment and labour market attachment in Italy, on the basis of CPS‐type survey data. It is shown that the size and rate of unemployment are highly sensitive to modest variations in the definition of unemployment. This motivates a different approach. Based on the answers to a set of questions on search for work, a cluster analysis is performed, which yields four well established groups. Comparing them with the official labour force classifications, two “grey areas” appear at the borders between employment, unemployment and inactivity, which are of some interest in interpreting labour market attac

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1990.tb00025.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY