ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00412.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCommunity leaders directly affect prenatal services in their local communities. Twenty‐nine leaders in an urban community and 47 in a rural community in Wisconsin were interviewed to determine their knowledge and beliefs about and intent to promote prenatal care for low‐income women in their communities. The findings showed that leaders generally assigned high importance to prenatal care for low‐income women and intended to promote it during the next six months; and they demonstrated good general knowledge about prenatal care and perceived broad‐based community support for their decision to promote it. Disturbingly, many community leaders did not know what percentage of local pregnant women entered prenatal care late or how many medical care providers were available to their constituents on Medicaid, cost was cited as a disadvantage to promoting prenatal care for low‐income women, and several leaders in both communities believed that promoting prenatal care would result in low‐income women wanting to have more babies or increasing their dependence on free programs. Public health nurses can use the findings of this study in their work with community leaders to ensure prenatal services for low‐incom

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00413.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study investigated differences in perceived benefits/enhancers and barriers between women who planned to breastfeed, those who were uncertain, and those who did not plan to breastfeed. The volunteers were obtained from rural (60) and urban (82) public health department prenatal clinics. Fifty‐three percent of the women were married, the average age was 23 years, 25% had not graduated from high school, 38% were black, and 46% were planning to return to work. The breastfeeding inventory consisted of 13 items to measure benefits and enhancers, 15 to measure barriers, and an openended question. Cronbach's alphas for internal consistency for benefits and enhancers and barriers were 0.88 and 0.83 respectively. Analysis of variance found significant differences among the three groups on perceived benefits and barriers. Rural and urban differences existed in perceived benefits/ enhancers, but not in perceived barriers. In a multiple discriminant function analysis that included demographic characteristics, the most important predictor of breastfeeding decision was perceived benefit

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00414.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDespite evidence for the existence of nurturing fathers, little is known about how and why men increase their involvement with their children. The qualitative study from which these findings were taken explored the experience of 10 Canadian fathers in dual‐earner families after the birth of their first infants. The constant comparative method was used to generate a grounded theory explicating the men's process of redefining their roles as spouses, workers, and fathers. Findings from 20 semi‐structured interviews conducted with a purposive sample of fathers in their homes revealed that the fathers' experiences consisted of coping with many demands from children, partners, and jobs. These men redefined their roles as fathers after their partners returned to full‐time employment. Two stages of monitoring role strain and limiting role strain captured the variation in behavior. This study contributes to community health nurses' understanding of how men respond to the lack of concurrence among societal expectations, others' expectations, and their own realities of fathe

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00415.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExposure to environmental tobacco smoke is a potential health risk for women of reproductive age and their children. Household and workplace exposures were estimated for 4256 Hispanic women age 12 to 49 who participated in the Hispanic health and nutrition examination survey. Age‐specific household exposure for nonsmokers was 31% to 62% for Mexican‐Americans, 22% to 59% for Puerto Ricans, and 40% to 53% for Cuban‐Americans. Exposure was significantly high for Puerto Rican and Mexican‐American adolescents, 59% and 62%, respectively. Workplace exposure for nonsmokers was 22% to 35% for Mexican‐Americans, 28% to 33% for Puerto Ricans, and 33% to 49% for Cuban‐Americans. Young Mexican‐American and Puerto Rican and all Cuban‐American women reported high exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the home or workplace. Assessment of family living and smoking patterns, understanding cultural values and norms, and household smoking control and cessation strategies that are mutually derived are useful for nurses and Hispanic and Latino populations to meet the environmental tobacco smoke health objectives

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00416.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States; it is also a major factor in rising health care costs. Risk factors for the disease are present in childhood, at the time when lifelong health habits are forming. Thus, strategies for improving the cardiovascular health of children through programs and policy may be expected to have a maximum effect. The cardiovascular health in children study identified the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in 2209 children age 8 to 11 years, attending 21 rural and urban public schools in North Carolina. Schools were randomly selected from three regions of the state (coastal, piedmont, mountain) in which the frequency of cardiovascular disease differs. Initial results of the study demonstrate the use of such findings in formulating health policy and in designing intervention programs.

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00417.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough community health nursing practice supports community‐level interventions, the influence of communities on the health of older members is not well known. Ethnographic design and methods were employed to study the health of older residents in a western plains farming community. Relationship was a key component for understanding life in this town. Reciprocal relationships in which older people and the community were mutual benefactors were crucial to the acceptability of help and support. Stressors were lack of privacy and isolation for those who did not conform to prevailing norms. Nurses in rural areas have to foster a sense of relationship and reciprocity within a community, since assistance is accepted most easily when older people can repay in kind. Advocating the use of government supports and programs may not be successful if the programs do not require such contributions. Close relationships can be stressful as well as supportive, and increasing social support and monitoring for an older person may inadvertently decrease privacy and promote stres

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00418.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00419.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWriting to learn is a strategy that can be used to develop competencies of undergraduate students for the practice of community health nursing. It provides an opportunity for students to apply community health theory in a paper that integrates health status indicators, primary prevention, and aggregate‐focused nursing interventions. It also develops students' writings abilities and creative approaches to community health nursing practice in a clinically applicable manner, thereby facilitating synthesis of professional principles and practice

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00420.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe delivery of home health services that are accessible and cost effective is contingent on understanding the characteristics and needs of the aggregates who use the services. This study examined the relationship between socio‐demographic characteristics and nursing problems among a sample of home health patients. Data were gathered by retrospective record review of all 209 patients with medical‐surgical problems who were discharged from home health services during a six‐week period. Nursing diagnoses were identified by nurses at the time of the admission assessment. Impaired mobility, the most frequent nursing diagnosis, occurred in 73% of the sample, cardiovascular problems in 52%, and respiratory problems in 48%. Analysis of the data revealed a relationship between source of payment and age with nursing diagnosis. No significant relationship was found between nursing diagnosis and gender, although a weak relationship was identified with living arrangement. Results have important implications for the planning, delivery, and reimbursement of home care services that equitably address populations with the greatest nursing needs. If patients with specific predisposing characteristics have different needs, it may be possible to evaluate patients more accurately early in care delivery so that these needs can be more effectivel

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00421.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY