ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1989.tb00571.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn historical account of the development of national health objectives is presented, followed by the current process of formulating year 2000 health objectives. Priority areas are included together with suggested strategies for involvement in the process of setting the objectives.

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1989.tb00572.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe home health agency preferences with respect to staff nurse qualifications, and practices in hiring and orienting new staff. An 85‐item home health staff nurse selection and orientation questionnaire was used to collect data from a random sample of 287 midwestern home health agencies in 12 states. Qualifications rated most highly were medical‐surgical experience, venipuncture skills, completion of a physical assessment course, intravenous therapy skills, and patient‐teaching skills. With agency sponsorship (traditional, proprietary, and hospital‐based) as the independent variable, the three types of agencies were significantly different on ratings of six qualifications and six orientation topics. None of the agencies rated a BSN degree as very important or required, and the same was true for completion of a student experience in community health nursing. Preference for qualifications in this study is consistent with increasing acuteness of patients' illness and technologic complexity of ho

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1989.tb00573.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCollege students were surveyed to determine their knowledge about AIDS and attitudes toward condom use. Overall scores were high, with a mean of 22.5 on the 28‐item true‐false questionnaire. Of the 81 percent of respondents who indicated they were presently or had been sexually active, only 40 percent reported using condoms; 87 percent expressed an intention to have vaginal intercourse and 18 percent to have rectal intercourse. From the open‐ended questions about condoms, 37 beliefs were elicited and the 10 most frequently mentioned were identified. The majority of subjects reported protection against sexually transmitted diseases and preventing pregnancy as the most important reasons for using condoms. Forty‐seven percent also believed condoms important for preventing AIDS. Other significant beliefs about condom use included that they cause less worry, interfere with spontaneous sexual response, decrease pleasure for self and/or partner, are inconvenient and uncomfortable, and decrease feeling. The most significant referents for deciding about condom use were mothers in younger subjects and sexual partners for older subjects. These results indicate the need for influencing attitudes and normative beliefs to change condom use b

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1989.tb00574.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere is little doubt that the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease is a pediatric problem that nursing must address. Cardiovascular health‐promotion activities for children have generally used an ecologic model, providing community‐based education programs in the schools. The purpose of this study was to identify changes in cardiovascular risk among sixth‐grade cohorts over eight years. Four variables known to be associated with such risk‐weight (obesity), pulse rate recovery index, blood pressure, and total cholesterol level‐were measured on 4900 students, and changes in their prevalence were analyzed.The data presented in this paper were compiled from a screening program conducted by a local health department in partnership with a school district's health‐education program. Although the school‐based health‐education program has been in existence for eight years, the prevalence of cardiovascular risk in sixth‐grade students has not declined, suggesting the need for nurses to target the children at risk, and address more directly the motivational and affective domains in addition to cognitively

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1989.tb00575.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPublic health nurses and other professional and paraprofessional workers have engaged in prenatal home visiting for many decades. Yet, the extent to which this and other prenatal interventions influence maternal behavior is largely unknown. This study was undertaken to collect and categorize perceptions of experts in the organization and delivery of prenatal care about the value of selected strategies for encouraging participation in care, for education, and for changing behavior, with special emphasis on home visiting. The survey sample consisted of 151 experts who were identified by directors of maternal and child health programs in 48 of the 50 states. One hundred eighteen of the experts, almost half of whom were nurses, responded to the survey. The findings suggest important discrepancies between respondents' perceptions about the effectiveness of some prenatal strategies and the actual extent of their use in practice. In addition, the results raise questions about the appropriate mix of type of home visitor and purpose of visit. These questions should form the basis for subsequent investigations.

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1989.tb00576.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effectiveness of public health nursing interventions with prenatal clients was summarized from 17 studies, conducted between 1963 and 1988, that were identified through a comprehensive reference search. The review indicated that public health nursing interventions can increase birthweight, and the use of prenatal medical services, nutritional services, and childbirth classes. Because of methodological problems, however, it is difficult to conclude with certainty that such interventions make a significant difference in client outcomes. These problems included lack of construct validity, lack of specification of interventions, small convenience samples, lack of power to detect small treatment effects, nonexperimental research designs, lack of reliability information, and self‐selection and history biases. To overcome these problems, the authors suggest the use of conceptual frameworks, power calculations prior to initiation of research, experimental or quasi‐experimental designs, replication of research with different populations, and the calculation and reporting of reliability informat

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1989.tb00577.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAs nurses are increasingly concerned with assessing and improving their productivity in a variety of settings, they must make systematic use of an evaluation model. The Discrepancy Evaluation Model (DEM) was used to evaluate the productivity of nurses in child health clinics in five centers in the southeastern United States. The first step in any evaluation is to identify standards against which performance can be measured. In this project, no standards were available, and creating them was the first task. Standards for productivity in child health were developed that accounted for differences in clients and the experience level of nurses, while maintaining quality of care. They were situation specific and allowed for the constraints operating in each of the five centers. Discrepancies between the standards and observed performance were identified and underlying factors examined, resulting in a number of recommendations that could streamline the provision of services and improve nursing productivity. The evaluation process can be applied to public health nursing services in a variety of settings.

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1989.tb00578.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe concept of discovery learning is exemplified in this account of four students and their instructor who began and developed a nurse‐run clinic for the homeless in a community health project. The students were registered nurses returning for their bachelor's degrees. They experienced frustration at learning the difference between care based on their assessments of patients' needs and care geared to clients' assessments of desired interventions. The journals that they kept reveal self‐discovery as well as new respect for other humans. In addition, a new type of community care emerged, which gives all indications of surviv

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1989.tb00579.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe designed a model to assist public health nurses and nursing supervisory staff in planning, delivering, and evaluating their services to families. Specifically, the intent was to assist nurses to estimate the numbers and types of services required. The model includes a gradient of family health characteristics, an original delineation of nine basic public health nursing services, a coping index and scoring guidelines, and a methodology for integrating assessment of health needs and coping abilities.

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1989.tb00580.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY