ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00162.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper traces the evolution of a broader environmental health role for nursing by focusing on the health effects of exposure to environmental pollutants and of global environmental change. This evolving role is reviewed through the examination of selected community health nursing texts published during the last several decades. Key role strategies based on this expanded and evolving environmental role are proposed. Finally, a survey is described that is intended to heighten awareness of personal and professional attitudes and behaviors related to the environment.

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00163.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrimary care has become the focal point of health care reform. For too long primary care has been narrowly conceptualized as office‐based care for common problems of individuals. In this article, a nurse practitioner describes a new model for primary care, community partnership primary care (CPPC), which moves beyond typical primary care practice to create what may be a new paradigm for primary care. This proposed new paradigm moves beyond older models of primary care into new dimensions of practice. The CPPC model emphasizes new roles for clinicians and a unique goal to foster the empowerment of individuals, families, and community. Innovative features of the CPPC model include blending a clinical role with a new area of practice called community practice. CPPC emphasizes new, innovative roles for nurse practitioners and nurses in community development and community empowerment activities. A 4‐year funded project permitted the development and implementation of the CPPC model in an urban Hispanic community. This article provides an overview of the CPPC model and the initial steps of model implementat

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00164.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA descriptive study with a convenience sample of 47 subjects drawn from two birthing houses was conducted in St. Petersburg, Russia, under the auspices of the World Health Organization Healthy Cities Project. Data were collected with a self‐administered questionnaire given to women in birthing houses after delivery and prior to discharge. Subjects ranged in age from 16 to 38 years. Sixty‐one percent of women began prenatal care within the 1st trimester, 35% within the 2nd trimester, and 2% received no prenatal care. Younger women were more likely than older women to start prenatal care in the 1 st trimester, but received less teaching by health care providers. Younger women also expressed more stress and need for counseling. In addition, 83% of low‐birthweight babies were born to younger women. These findings indicate a focus by health care personnel on older pregnant women, although younger pregnant women were at higher risk for poor pregnancy outcome. The strongest statistically significant correlations were found among the patient satisfaction variables, indicating that satisfaction with prenatal services may influence when women begin prenatal care ser

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00165.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined the effect on infant morbidity and mortality of sustained nursing contact with mothers of healthy infants who are considered medically low risk but socially are at high risk due to poverty, low maternal education, and parenting at an early age. A quasi‐experimental approach using a pretestposttest design was used to evaluate the effect of the sustained nursing contact intervention (N= 97) compared with the instructions traditionally provided to the mothers of such infants (N= 48). In general, intervention and control infants did not differ on variables measuring health and development, morbidity, incidence of accidents, utilization of health care services, or immunization rates. Intervention infants scored significantly higher on advanced gross motor skills and had significantly fewer upper respiratory symptoms at the final visit. Highest morbidity was experienced by infants of teenaged mothers in the control group who had more than one infant. It was concluded that sustained nursing contact during the first eight months of infant life was beneficial to low‐income African‐American mothers, especially teenaged mothers with more than one infant. Infant morbidity and mortality were lower in both groups than would have been expected for their risk level, indicating that even minimal sustained nursing contact enhances outcomes of healthy infants at high risk for mortality and morbidity due to social fa

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00166.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDifferences between households with and without phones in the United States as a whole are well documented, but these differences, and their implications for nursing practice and research, have received little attention in nursing publications. This article 1) reviews findings from national studies of these differences and 2) reports on a nursing study that examined such differences specifically in a random sample (N= 2,053) of lowincome families having children eligible for but not using the well‐child services of the Medicaid program in rural North Carolina. The study was part of a randomized trial of nursing interventions to encourage parents to use these services. The analyses reported herein focus on how families with and without phones differed in health‐related characteristics and in responses to the interventions. The findings have relevance for public health nurses conducting outreach or research with similar low‐income families, even when the outreach or research methods do not involve phone co

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00167.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractClient (patient) satisfaction has been studied extensively in the health care sector, yet those receiving home health care services have been the focus of few studies. The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Home Care Client Satisfaction Instrument (HCCSI). A total of 400 clients, randomly selected from 20 randomly chosen home care agencies in one state, completed the HCCSI and demographic form. Most respondents were older adults with multiple health problems and their families or informal support systems. Since data were skewed, item analysis was used. The revised instrument (HCCSI‐R) is unidimensional and includes 12 items rated on a 5‐point Likert scale measuring specific aspects of care. In addition, there are three global measures of satisfaction rated on a 10‐point scale. All items except one had significant item‐total correlations greater than .59. The total score correlates with likeliness to recommend the agency to others (.37,p= .0001), showing some evidence for criterion‐related

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00168.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFamilies represent the fastest‐growing subgroup of the homeless population. Most of the research has focused on urban homeless families and not on rural homeless families. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics and health of rural homeless families in Ohio. A descriptive crosssectional design was used to study 76 families who had 125 children under 12 years of age. An interview schedule, the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and the SCL‐90‐R were used to collect data. The majority of the mothers perceived themselves and their children as having no physical health problems. Twenty‐four of the children were behind on their immunizations. Forty‐four (52%) of the children under 6 years of age had DDST scores that indicated they might have developmental lags and 15 of the children over 4 years of age had CBCL scores that indicated they might have behavioral problems. The reported use of illegal drugs, alcohol, and cigarettes was high for this group of mothers. Strategies are included that nurses can use in working with rural homeless

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00169.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTuberculosis has reemerged as an important public health concern, particularly with the rise in multi‐drug‐resistant strains. The homeless are at increased risk for infection, for active disease, and for incomplete treatment. Public health authorities have recommended that tuberculosis health education materials be developed specifically for residents and staff of homeless shelters. In this study, a diverse sample of 20 adult homelessshelter residents responded to open‐ended questions regarding 1) their knowledge of tuberculosis and tuberculosis screening and treatment, 2) their perceptions of access to health care services related to tuberculosis, and 3) their views of health education regarding tuberculosis. The majority of the subjects had limited knowledge of tuberculosis and of screening and treatment for the disease. Many had misconceptions about the disease, particularly regarding its transmission. An analysis of the subjects' responses within the framework of the Health Belief Model indicated that basic tuberculosis health education programs for residents of homeless shelters are needed. The study findings indicated that a small‐group educational format utilizing written materials and video aids might be most ef

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00170.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTraditional Native American people are experiencing serious health, economic, and social problems resulting from alcoholism. Native Americans maintain a worldview of health and illness that conflicts with the dominant culture's approach to treatment. The purposes of this study were to describe the health beliefs of traditional Muscogee (Creek) Indians concerning the causes of illness and learn how these beliefs relate to alcoholism. The researchers conducted in‐depth interviews of 55 traditional Muscogee (Creek) participants to learn traditional beliefs about illness and alcoholism. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Results indicate that both illness and alcoholism are perceived as having natural and unnatural (supernatural) causes. A challenge facing nurses is how to provide culturally sensitive care when clients' and nurses' beliefs about the cause of alcoholism may be in conflict. The authors discuss preservation, accommodation, and repatterning of health care beliefs as a basis for planning culturally sensitive nursing car

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00171.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY