ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1992.tb00103.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe need to integrate clinical practice and research has been stressed for many years in both public health and nursing. This article describes such a collaborative project between two rural upper Midwest public health nursing agencies and public health nursing faculty from a small, liberal arts, baccalaureate nursing program. The high‐risk prenatal research project provided an opportunity for nursing staff and faculty research consultants to work together on a clinical study. A model for collaborative research is illustrated, and advantages and disadvantages for practice, administration, and research are discusse

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1992.tb00104.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A community‐analysis strategy. GENESIS (generalethnographic andnursingevaluation studies in the state), is a comprehensive, holistic portrait of communities obtained through secondary analysis of existing data and qualitative methods. The GENESIS method is delineated and examples of studies are presented. To explicate the method and illustrate the findings, an aggregate‐focused GENESIS study and two studies in which entire communities were the targets are compared and contrasted. Other defining concepts of nursing, such as caring and health, are redefined or explicated to make them congruent with the recognition that for community health nurses, the community is the cli

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1992.tb00105.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNurse managers in community health can streamline the orientation of new employees by building planning and evaluation on a list of nursing skills that meet requirements for beginning practice. A model list of skills required in public health nursing and home health care can guide individual agencies in tailoring orientation programs to their respective needs, streamlining the process, reducing overall costs, and producing long‐term benefits for nurse managers and nursing staf

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1992.tb00106.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis qualitative, descriptive study explored the extent to which students' discovery learning centered around cultural understanding and sensitivity occurs in a clinical rotation involving migrant health care. Thirteen nursing students enrolled in this community health clinical rotation were the study sample. Demographically, they were similar to other baccalaureate students in the school of nursing. Characteristics that set them apart were their levels of maturity, motivation, and independence, and their ability to cope with stress and ambiguity. Student journal entries were used to explore changes in cultural understanding and sensitivity over the course of an intensive six‐week clinical experience. The method of inquiry was qualitative descriptive. Discovery learning from the perspective of the students was analyzed using domain analysis scheme. Themes that emerged from analysis of the data were personal and professional growth, specialized nursing practice roles with ethnic minorities, and health care system needs and issues for culturally sensitive care. Our findings contribute to faculty understanding of the degree to which student nurses make a transformation in terms of cultural understanding and sensitivity, and the process by which increased cultural understanding and sensitivity result in application of theoretical transcultural concept

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1992.tb00107.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis investigation evaluated the effect of a peer‐education program on preventing cardiovascular disease in older persons. Peer leaders at two urban senior housing residences were provided with training on cardiovascular disease and its risk factors, strategies to reduce the risk factors, and communication skills. Baseline and follow‐up data were collected on residents at the two intervention and two control sites. The dependent variables were knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors; perceived self‐efficacy to reduce calories, dietary fat and salt intake, to lose weight, to stop smoking, and to exercise regularly; and self‐reported cardiovascular risk behaviors. Analysis of individual change scores between baseline and follow‐up surveys showed a statistically significant increase in overall knowledge of heart disease, dietary self‐efficacy, and exercise self‐efficacy for the intervention group compared with the control group. This program appeared to benefit the individuals who lived in housing residences where the peer educators

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1992.tb00108.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNeither expanded Medicaid eligibility nor case‐finding approaches have significantly increased use of early prenatal care. Failure to improve use points to the importance of further study of the broader community's perspectives on prenatal care and perinatal health issues. A convenience sample of 380 low‐income, inner‐city, black adults were interviewed with respect to their understanding of infant mortality, perceived barriers to and importance of prenatal care, and recommended numbers of prenatal visits. All respondents reside in a community with negative indexes of perinatal health as measured by infant mortality, low birthweight, and average number of prenatal visits. Fifty percent of the sample could correctly define the term infant mortality. The majority believed that prenatal care is very important and should begin in the first trimester of pregnancy. Respondents recommending the least number of prenatal visits (0‐6) perceived financial, institutional, and attitudinal factors as barriers to care. Pregnant women's fear of detection of drug use was the most salient barrier regardless of the recommended number of prenatal visits, age. sex, employment status, or number of children. Changing health problems mandate continued monitoring of community perceptions and expectations of services such as prenatal care. Public health nursing is ideally positioned to articulate community values to policy makers and health care professionals concerned with perinatal

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1992.tb00109.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn increase in the number of individuals who are homeless since the 1980s has made homelessness a major social, economic, and political problem in the United States. The number of homeless in this country is estimated as high as 3 million, with women and children constituting the fastest growing subgroup of this population. A study of eight homeless women using a shelter in a southeastern city was conducted to explore the experience of homelessness from the women's perspectives. A modified ethnographic approach using a semistructured interview provided qualitative data. The constant comparative method of analysis identified themes of heightened awareness, guarding, identification of needs, and strategies for resolution. This study provides a new understanding of how some women experience homelessness. as well as the responses they take to solve this problem.

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1992.tb00110.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRisk factors of smoking, drug and alcohol abuse, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle were related to health problems of clients at a walk‐in clinic for the homeless. The sample of 1252 clients was predominately male (91.4%) and multiethnic, with a majority (65%) age 18 to 40 years. Data on diagnoses of health‐related conditions were collected from clinic charts, coded into ICD categories, analyzed for relationships of risk factors to health problems, and compared with categories of diagnoses in a matched national sample of ambulatory care visits. Findings indicate that a larger proportion of homeless suffered from health problems in 24 of 27 diagnostic categories than the nonhomeless. Most prevalent were respiratory, dermal conditions, injuries, and digestive problems, in that order. Risk factors of alcohol abuse, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, drug abuse, and obesity were predictive of health problems in 18 of the categories analyzed. The findings suggest that immediate interventions such as education and rehabilitation to reduce risk factors, and provision of facilities for personal hygiene and cleaning of clothing could reduce some of the health‐related conditions in this population while longer‐term solutions of housing and employment are sought. The analysis model developed here appears to be a useful way of comparing relative effects of risk factors as a basis for establishing priorities for interv

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1992.tb00111.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe assessed the beliefs of 49 college students regarding the acquired immunodoficiency syndrome (AIDS), condom use, and sexual behaviors related to AIDS prevention. Roy's modes of self‐concept, interdependence, and role function were used as a framework to find psychosocial determinants that influence safer sex practices. Interdependence was measured by a sexual regard scale. Beliefs regarding both AIDS beliefs and condom were very positive. Students were selectively using safer sex practices; most reported avoiding high‐risk partners, but only 39% were using condoms. No significant associations were found among the four independent measures of AIDS beliefs, condom beliefs, self‐esteem, and sexual regard or with the dependent measure. AIDS safer sex practices. A two‐hour safer sex educational module did change several beliefs but did not increase safer sex practices. Most participating students stated they had a good understanding of how AIDS was spread, they knew how to use condoms correctly, and they discussed AIDS with friends and

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1992.tb00112.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY