ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00188.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere is a significant difference in the collaborative process between whether a public health nursing research project is requested (of the researchers) by the agency or if it is conceived by an outside investigator. This article discusses the underlying concepts of negotiation, mutuality, and respect that support the process of an externally initiated study in an agency. In a progressive listing format, the important components within the planning, development, implementation, and completion phases are then described so that they can be useful to beginning researchers as a guide and to experienced researchers as a reminder.

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00189.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGiven the serious health consequences of smoking, nurses need to be well‐informed on how to help various client populations with smoking cessation. Much recent research is focused upon effectiveness of various programs to enhance self‐efficacy and self‐management skills necessary to succeed in permanent smoking cessation. This study used a model based on Orem's Self‐Care Deficit Theory to examine specific variables of importance in smoking cessation using descriptors relevant to understanding self‐care actions. The model is used to examine the outcomes of a community‐based smoking‐cessation program. Results indicate that 15% of the final sample quit smoking and 42% reduced smoking while participating in the program. Additional findings are helpful in describing actions taken by subjects who were and were not successful in quitting. Remedies suggested by the American Lung Association booklet “Freedom from Smoking for You and Your Family” were reported by subjects to be helpful in dealing with the most common problems experienced during smoking cessation. Results are applied to public health nursing, emphasizing that smoking cessation is “a process” in which individuals learn strategi

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00190.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCities, formerly the hub of cultural activities and entertainment, are now more often associated with crime statistics and poverty. Students' emotional comfort and safety must therefore be prime considerations in planning community‐based nursing education. This study piloted an instrument that promises to be useful in labeling situations that affect an individual's comfort level in an urban setting. Questions that guided the study included: (1) Does the Environmental Comfort Scale (ECS) score vary with the repondents' residential zone (urban = 1, suburban = 2, rural = 3)? (2) Is the instrument (Environmental Comfort [Fear] Scale) reliable? A one‐shot, one‐group, pre‐experimental design was employed. Participants were self‐selected from a junior baccalaureate nursing class (N= 79) that was a predominantly suburban‐bred, relatively privileged population. The ECS contained nine specific environmental‐situation items that could be construed as potentially threatening to safety. Respondents were to indicate on a five‐point Likert scale the extent to which they would be fearful in each situation; 1 = least fearful and 5 = most fearful. Findings showed practically no difference in responses by residential zone and suggest a need for item refinement and a need to lengthen the tool to improve alpha coefficients. Further, the increasing demand for measurable outcomes underscores the need for continued work on instruments to produce such data. The deinstitutionalization of health care from contained grounds to uncontained community‐based settings makes it imperative that nursing education attend to the challenges of

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00191.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purposes of this paper are: to describe an ecological approach to assessing health risk, and to apply the approach to a sample of elderly homeless within the context of a single day in a single urban setting. In the approach described, a method of progressive contextualization was used by adding different hazards to the risk profile in a single geographic area. The various hazards were applied to the same time and space frame, that of a 24‐hour period and in the urban space used by elderly homeless people. Incorporated into the approach are the concepts of high‐risk areas and space‐time geography, and the theory of disease ecology. The spatial‐temporal distribution of resources, factors in the natural environment (patterns of daylight and dark and ambient temperature) and factors in the human‐created environment (traffic and crime patterns) were identified as important hazards within the urban environment. Homelessness itself, the effects of aging, the social milieu, and behavior patterns commonly seen in homeless people—particularly, alcohol abuse‐were identified as important hazards for elderly homeless people. Each hazard's spatial‐temporal pattern within the 24‐hour period is discussed. Then the convergence of hazards forming an interactive effect is discussed. Finally, approaches to nursing interventions aimed at reducing r

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00192.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAs the devastating impact of many public health problems becomes more evident nationwide, a need exists for effective programs aimed at community‐oriented health promotion. Escalating health care costs, however, severely limit available health care resources, threatening the demise of many public health efforts. During this time of imminent reform in our national health care system, it is imperative for community health nurses to elicit support by demonstrating the efficacy of their interventions (Oda&Boyd, 1987). This article describes services provided by community health nurses and documents the effectiveness of these interventions based on available literature. The programs reviewed represent community health nursing strategies developed in response to the needs of high‐risk families, geographic communities, and vulnerable population groups. Both descriptive analyses and outcome‐evaluation studies are used to support the effectiveness of home‐based and community‐centered community health nursing interventions. Recommendations eliciting support for community health nursing practice from legislators, policy makers, practice agencies, professional organizations, educators, and research institutions are

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00193.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThroughout the history of nursing, holistic ideas can be identified that reflect nursing's ambivalence towards changes in health care and in ideas about illness during the 19th and 20th century. The relationship between historical context and the meaning of holism in nursing is described using historical as well as conceptual analyses. Three important periods are discussed: holistic public health nursing in the beginning of the century, a shift towards holistic hospital nursing in the middle of the century, and a modern holistic health nursing model that emerged in the 1960s. Each period reflects a different perspective on nursing's struggle to gain status as a profession, its complicated relationship with medicine, and its difficulty in maintaining the tradition of care and compassion within an industrialized society that becomes more individualized and fragmented.

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00194.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLittle research has been reported that explores meaning‐discovery and meaning‐making in persons with AIDS. Self‐transcendence experiences, as proposed by Reed (1991), may lead to maintenance or restoration of mental health in persons facing end‐of‐life issues. Nurses who work with persons with life‐threatening illness, such as men and women with AIDS, have opportunities to facilitate choices that lead to experiences from which meaning and emotional well‐being may be obtained. This study used a phenomenological approach to describe experiences of 10 men and 10 women with AIDS that led to feelings of increased self‐worth, purpose, and meaning in their lives. Participants provided oral or written descriptions of experiences associated with feelings of increased connectedness with others, sense of well‐being, and hope for longer life. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological technique (1978). Although men and women with AIDS faced some of the same issues, their responses were different. By incorporating gender and individual differences, nurses may be better able to create therapeutic exchanges in which self‐transcendence views and behaviors are fostered in both men

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00195.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purposes of this descriptive study were to determine the consistency of wound care provided by home health care nurses with the physician's order and the agency's written wound protocol; and the type and cost of wound‐management products and nursing services associated with home care.Eleven registered nurses were observed providing wound care in 117 home visits to 31 patients. In addition to the observational component, data were also collected by chart review to facilitate comparison of observed vs. documented care.There were statistically significant differences between observed care given and that which was documented in patients' records. Consistency of care for individual patients was high when care was delivered by the same nurse, but lower when different nurses were involved. The mean dollar value of supplies used for all visits was $9.40, and the average nursing charge per visit was $8

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00196.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe threefold goal of this quasi‐experimental study was to have an impact on knowledge, beliefs and intentions of community leaders related to promoting prenatal care for low‐income women. Using a twenty‐one community leaders from a selected urban community in Wisconsin participated in an educational intervention that used a pre‐ and post‐test design. The primary goal of the intervention (based on change theory) was to increase community leaders' motivation and decrease their resistance to promoting prenatal care for low‐income women in their communities. Various media were used to illustrate and emphasize important prenatal concepts. Community leaders were also given information on the status of maternal and infant statistics and health practices in their communities. This intervention significantly increased community leaders' general knowledge related to prenatal issues; positive beliefs toward the promotion of prenatal care; and intent to engage in activities to promote prenatal care for low‐income women. This study reveals that community health nurses can function effectively as agents of change with comm

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00197.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY