ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1996.tb00254.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCritics today charge that managed care organizations, intent on reducing costs to ensure survival and profitability, have forsaken public health. In fact, managed care and public health face common challenges and share common interests. Public health problems ultimately affect managed care enrollees and increase the cost of their care. Managed care organizations, then, must help reduce community‐wide health risks. Public health agencies, traditionally responsible for population health, today face serious challenges due to budget reductions and public indifference. The article to follow proposes a model for mutually beneficial collaboration between managed care and public health. Programs linking managed care with public health in the Puget Sound area illustrate this model's feasibility and valu

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1996.tb00255.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBuilding on the already substantial body of literature on education for population‐focused practice, this article incorporates the teaching of empowerment strategies into this literature. These strategies provide a framework for teaching nursing students to promote the health of populations by shifting their focus of care to one that is compatible with principles of primary health care and health promotion within a context of health care reform. Since 1989, education for these shifts in practice has taken place within a clinical studies course on population‐focused practice and has continued to evolve within an innovative nursing curriculum developed by The University of Victoria and its collaborative partners in nursing education in British Columbia, Canada. Faculty have worked to develop innovative teaching strategies and practica that provide students with opportunities to practice empowerment strategies with populations. Examples of how students have learned and practiced these strategies in a baccalaureate nursing program at the University College of the Cariboo in Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada provide useful illustration of the shifts in nursing education that are needed to shape the next era of health c

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1996.tb00256.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe number of adolescent females between the ages of 13 and 19 who are contracting sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is rising at an alarming rate. Although the issue of STDs has been overshadowed by continued public debate over adolescent pregnancy and childbearing, it demands attention. Particularly concerning is the fact that STDs increase the likelihood of transmitting HIV (N.E. MacDonald et al., 1990). To offset the growing incidences of STDs among female adolescents, gender‐specific interventions are needed. Following is a description of the theoretical underpinnings that informed and guided the development of a gender‐specific intervention titled Girl Talk. A two‐stage creation and review process was used to design this 2.5‐hr, four‐session intervention. An overview of the quasi‐experimental design that compared a nonequivalent comparison and two intervention groups (peer led and adult led) is presented. Baseline characteristics of the three groups are reported. Also described is how participant feedback and a design content analysis are used to evaluate the appropriateness of the intervention for adolesc

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1996.tb00257.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAs part of a larger study of the impact of a social support intervention on pregnancy outcome for lower‐income African American women, 6 African American women (a medical social worker, a physician's assistant, 2 community outreach workers, a lactation consultant, and a health project representative) participated in focus group discussions concerning the unique social support needs of lower‐income African American women during pregnancy. Transcripts of focus group interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Emergent themes included strengths of African American communities, deficiencies in social support for many lower‐income African American women, the meaning of pregnancy for African American women, the ability of many pregnant women to “make it” without visible means of support, young women's locations “inside” and “outside” of “mainstream” life, and the importance of social support as a mechanism for guiding and transporting “lost souls”

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1996.tb00258.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe concept of diagnostic work (A. Strauss, S. Fager‐haugh, B. Suczek,&C. Wiener, 1985) is used to explore nurses' responses to potential child abuse. A total of 1,036 nurses (response rate of 67%) completed a mailed questionnaire that included open‐ended qualitative‐type questions about a hypothetical situation involving possible child abuse. We report their judgments regarding information presented in the hypothetical situation and additional information they requested to make the diagnosis. Nurses focused primarily on the child's injuries and behavior and wanted more information about the abuse event. Diagnostic work was then analyzed by specialty group: community health, school health, emergency, and pediatric nursing. Nurses' specialization influenced the choice of information that was determined to be decisive and the additional information desired to make a diag

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1996.tb00259.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPublic Law 99‐457 Part H supports the development of systems to identify infants and toddlers with special health needs and provide these children the comprehensive care they need. Although public health nurses traditionally provide many of the mandated services, Part H, with its roots in education, presents new terminology, conceptual models, and challenges to public health nurses. An interactive videoconference entitled “Public Health Nurses and Part H: Putting the Pieces Together” was broadcast to 525 public health nurses in 11 states. The program goals were to increase knowledge of Part H among public health nurses and to enhance their role in its implementation. An evaluation was conducted to assess knowledge change and satisfaction with the program format. Results revealed a high degree of satisfaction with distance learning and no difference across sites in knowledge acquisition or participant satisfaction. A need identified through this project is increased interdisciplinary communication among those who serve infants and toddlers with special needs. In an era when financial resources are dwindling, interactive videoconferencing is an innovative and cost‐effective method for decreasing the isolation of many public health nurses by offering opportunities for education and networking from their local comm

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1996.tb00260.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHealth care access was surveyed in a sample of 182 northern Texas individuals (57% Hispanic) who provided information on 658 family members in northern Texas. Barriers were evaluated using the Institute of Medicine (Millman, 1993) and the L.A. Aday and R. M. Anderson (1981) conceptual framework and a survey research design. Eighty‐eight percent of the 182 respondents were 54 years old or younger, yet the majority reported fair health status with currently unmet needs and untreated health problems. Forty‐nine percent used an emergency room within the last year. Forty‐two percent of the respondents always worry about their future health and 40% perceived little or no influence over their family's future health status. Forty‐one percent of the variance in chronic health problems was accounted for by barriers, mental health needs, educational needs, and use of social services. Seventeen percent of the variance in health status was explained by mutable barriers to access. Unmet needs negatively affected physical and mental health. This study demonstrated that this relatively young sample (77%<44 years old) was experiencing health care access needs. These data aid evaluation of the Healthy People 2000 goal of reducing disparities that exist among Americans in health promotion, protection and pre

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1996.tb00261.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt is estimated that each year 20 million workers in the United States are potentially exposed to a variety of reproductive hazards. In 1986, Wisconsin implemented an advanced practice public health nurse role to serve as the occupational reproductive health consultant to employees, employers, health care professionals, unions, and others. This article describes this advanced practice role in public health nursing and the women who sought reproductive health consultation. Data on the types of workplace exposures that these consultees had during pregnancy are used to illustrate the occupational history and its importance for preconceptional and early‐pregnancy counseling. The sample for analysis was limited to the 118 women, aged 19‐43 years, who received consultation services between 1990 and 1993 and whose pregnancies resulted in live births. Data were abstracted from the consultant's records of telephone and written consultations and linked to birth certificate records to provide information on smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy. The findings are summarized using descriptive statistics. Implications of the findings for public health nursing are discus

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1996.tb00262.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1996.tb00263.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY