ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1996.tb00235.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFrom its inception, public health nursing has provided health care and teaching to all people including those who are disadvantaged and impoverished. Based on the work and beliefs of Florence Nightingale and Lillian Wald, public health nurses developed positive relationships with people which resulted in healthier environments and lifestyles among diverse families and communities. And, despite societal concern that nursing care for the poor would pauperize them, it did not. It empowered them. A review of concepts of poverty and comparisons of issues and circumstances at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries underscores the values inherent in these early initiatives and their continuing relevance to public health nursing practice that can empower, rather than pauperize, those who are disadvantaged or living in poverty.

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1996.tb00236.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFocus‐group method is an apt strategy for studying community health phenomena at the aggregate level. Not only can its use facilitate the inclusion of segments of the population who have been underserved by previous research, but it can generate a depth of understanding about public health problems, community strengths, and potential interventions that have local meaning and utility. Advantages and potential uses of focus groups are explored, as well as purposes and processes of focus‐group interviewing, strategies for analysis, methodological limitations, and implications for practice and policy. The author presents investigatory examples to illustrate how focus‐group method expands on the possibilities of individual interviewing to explore community interpretations and understand the health needs and experiences of an aggr

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1996.tb00237.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIncreasingly, health professionals must learn to work in new partnership relationships with clients and community to promote health effectively. A partnership requires a transformation of the professional role from chief actor to partner, and the client role from passive recipient to partner. A partnership approach has particular merit in a reformed health care system that increasingly emphasizes active involvement and self‐care actions of individuals and families to maintain health and prevent disease. A partnership approach is also important to professionals working with underserved, vulnerable, and/or minority populations. For too long professionals and policymakers have relegated these groups to passive roles in health decision making and action. This article will provide a description of the partnership process as it has been developed and implemented by nurse practitioners in an urban Hispanic community with emphasis on a community partnership. A partnership model is described and compared to the more traditional professional model. A definition and essential criteria for partnership are presented. Finally, a specific example of how the partnership process was implemented at the community level is discusse

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1996.tb00238.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGENESIS (General Ethnographic and Nursing Evaluation Studies In the State) is a tested and proven community analysis strategy that integrates ethnographic and epidemiologic data to arrive at a comprehensive, holistic description of the health of a community and its residents. Communities analyzed in most project GENESIS studies have been rural or semirural. ACTION (Assessing Communities Together in the Identification Of Needs) is an extension of the GENESIS community analysis model that was developed to meet the unique needs of community‐level research and analysis in an urban, multicultural setting. Significant differences in the context in which the ACTION projects took place necessitated extensions in specific components of the GENESIS model. Application of the GENESIS model by the ACTION team is described. Based on the experiences with ACTION, recommendations are offered for future urban, multicultural community analysis project

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1996.tb00239.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify, from routinely collected health care record data, patient characteristics that describe home care clients' health care needs and explain variation in home health care utilization. Retrospective data were obtained from a total of 317 home health care patient records from one home health care agency. Outcome variables of care included number of visits and hours of care. Predictor variables included nursing diagnoses, medical diagnoses, and patient demographic variables. Nursing diagnoses were classified by the Omaha System. Nursing diagnoses explained a significant amount of variance over and above the demographic and medical diagnosis variables in both the number of nursing visits and hours of nursing care. The results of this study suggest that data related to nursing diagnoses are a valuable source of information when examining home health care nursing resource use.

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1996.tb00240.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes an interagency home visiting program, Resources, Education and Care in the Home (REACH), designed to reduce preventable causes of morbidity among normal, socioeconomically disadvantaged infants at risk for adverse outcomes due to social factors. Home nursing visits by a trained nurse‐community worker team were made throughout the first year of life to 1,269 infants from predominantly African American families. Results demonstrate that repeated home visits with ongoing infant health monitoring plus individualized and culturally sensitive teaching helped mothers maintain good health practices and identify illnesses early. Infants' outcomes during the neonatal period and at 12 months showed consistent, though statistically nonsignificant, positive effects on physical health. The postneonatal mortality rate among REACH infants was 4.7 deaths per 1000 live births in communities where rates for nonpar ticipants ranged from 5.2 to 10.9 per 100. The evaluation demonstrates a need in this population for more intensive services with greater continuity of care. Specific areas where more education is needed include home safety, skin care, and early identification and treatment of upper respiratory infections. Infants from communities with high infant mortality rates present numerous preventable morbidities requiring interventions, even when they are not considered medically high‐risk at bi

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1996.tb00241.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a nurse's counseling intervention on high‐risk sexual behaviors of HIV‐positive patients and to explore the relationship of gender, race, age, and education to high‐risk sexual behaviors. A convenience sample of 20 adults who were newly diagnosed with HIV and were being treated at an inner‐city out‐patient clinic was used. Subjects were administered a questionnaire to determine their precounseling AIDS knowledge and precounseling sexual behaviors. A registered nurse then counseled them about safe‐sex practices. After 2‐3 months the questionnaire was readminis tered to determine the effects of counseling on AIDS knowledge and high‐risk sexual behaviors. Although statistical analysis indicated a significant main effect for change in high‐risk sexual behaviors after counseling, there were no significant relationships among change and the individual demographic variables of age, gender, race, and education. Pretest knowledge was not found to influence pretest behavior, nor was posttest knowledge found to affect posttest behavior. Pairedttests indicated a significant change in high‐risk sexual behavior scores after counseling but no significant change

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1996.tb00242.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study describes risk behaviors among Puerto Rican women and identifies variables related to high‐risk behavior, including sociodemographic status, knowledge about HIV and AIDS, religiosity, acculturation, and attitudes toward contraceptive use and homosexuality. Puerto Rican women (N= 121) were recruited through a community‐based organization in Philadelphia. Respondents were an average of 30 years old; 21% were married and not separated, 79% were either single (50.9%), separated (14.3%), divorced (11.6%), or widowed (1.8%); 69% had 1‐3 children. Most women (74%) were at moderate to high risk for AIDS. Results from logistic regression with a single independent variable yielded no statistical significance for the following variables: income, number of children, religiosity, Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, AIDS knowledge, homophobia, Symptom Checklist‐90‐R, and Population Policy Questionnaire items. When the three acculturation variables consisting of a language score, an activity score, and a preference score were examined, however, the language score was highly statistically significant, with apvalue of 0.0001. Its positive logistic regression coefficient indicates that AIDS risk increases as preference for English increases. Further research is needed of Latino women that studies other Latino subgroups, given that HIV prevalence varies acros

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1996.tb00243.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine factors that differentiate contraceptive use behaviors of sexually active adolescent women. A sample of 159 subjects, recruited from three publicly supported family planning clinics, were classified according to nonuse, inconsistent, or consistent use of contraceptives at first and most recent coitus. The Health Promotion Model provided the organizing framework for this study. Factors entered into the discriminate functions included self‐image, problem solving, health‐promoting behavior, race, age at first coitus, previous pregnancy. contraceptive history, chronological age, family structure and size, mother's education, and Medicaid status. Three‐group multivariate discriminate analysis resulted in two significant functions that explained 38.7% of the variance in contraceptive behavior. The three groups of adolescents were discriminated by age at first coitus, history of previous pregnancy, health‐promoting behavior, self‐image, problem‐solving skill, chronological age, family size, and race. In particular, the findings suggest public health nurses and other health care providers can reduce unintended pregnancy through interventions that address the altera

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1996.tb00244.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY