ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00126.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNursing's involvement in policy development has become a standard and expected part of nursing practice. One avenue of involvement, policy research, is clarified through description and case example. Policy research is described as context‐driven, multimethodological, and time‐sensitive. Considering these essential characteristics when planning and implementing policy research enhances nursing's ability to positively influence the policy process. A case example of policy research from the criminal justice system evaluated the effectiveness of a diversion program with alcohol and marijuana misdemeanants (N = 1,239). The purposes of the study were to describe the percentage of diversion participants with alcohol or marijuana‐possession charges who were successful in completing the diversion program and to examine the incidence of subsequent arrests on alcohol or marijuana‐possession charges among those who successfully completed the program. The case example demonstrates the intricate and unique relationship between research and the policy arena. Policy research can equip nursing to enter policy debates with data and to participate as a persuasive agent of social

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00127.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough philanthropist William Rathbone is generally recognized as the founder of district nursing (in Liverpool, England, in 1859), the Howard Association of New Orleans actually began to use a pattern of district nursing 26 years earlier as a response to yellow fever epidemics. Concepts brought forth by the association included dividing the city into districts; teaching preventive measures; using community members to locate those needing assistance; and caring for the sick in their homes, utilizing nurses when the need arose.

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00128.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThroughout the history of community health nursing, home visiting has been and remains a central nursing intervention. Yet little conceptual clarification has dealt with this intuitively very valuable nursing intervention. Here, the concept of home visiting was investigated through a concept analysis. The nature of home visiting as it emerged over time was gleaned from historical and current literature. A working definition, capturing the essence of home visiting and implying new measurement possibilities, was formulated. Home visiting emerged as a specific nursing intervention, preceded by an antecedent event, unfolding as a process, with phases labeled as “contacting,”“going to see,”“gaining entry,”“seeing,”“terminating,” and “telling.” Nurse sub‐outcomes, nursing strategies, contextual factors influencing the process, and potential consequences of hom

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00129.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn exploratory study of 57 elderly patients discharged from home health agencies sought to identify how they and their caregivers were prepared for discharge and how they were managing. Data were collected from the home care records and post‐discharge interviews with patients and caregivers. Results indicate little evidence of formal discharge planning. However, home care records appear to underreport what home care staff do. On follow‐up, over half of the patients had improvement in their health, two‐thirds were independent in activities of daily living, and few patients had need of formal ser

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00130.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to describe gender differences in risk behaviors—substance use and sexual behavior—in young adults with genital herpes. Two‐hundred fifty‐two young adults with genital herpes were recruited into the study via newspaper advertisements in a West Coast metropolitan area. As a part of a large randomized clinical trial, participants completed questionnaires measuring demographic characteristics and the risk behaviors of substance use and sexual behavior. Participants had a mean age of 27.1 years and were largely Caucasian, employed, college‐educated, and heterosexual. Women were two years younger than men and had less income. Gender differences were found in both substance use and sexual behavior. Men were more likely to report current use of illicit drugs than were women. Men were also more likely to report a history of gonorrhea, and urethral discharge. Women reported initiating sex at an older age and having fewer sexual partners over their lifetimes than men. There were no gender differences in use of condoms or spermicides specifically to prevent transmission of genital herpes. Further study is needed of these young adults as they are at high risk for transmission of the disease and also for contracting other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Sensitive interventions are needed with this high‐risk

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00131.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study evaluated the validity of patient‐proxy responses to the Healthcare Needs Scale for Patients with HIV/AIDS. This scale measures environmental and psychosocial support, financial resources, health behaviors, social support, and health management. A sample of 35 patients with HIV/AIDS and their primary caretakers was selected from a hospital inpatient AIDS unit in Baltimore, Maryland, between 1990 and 1992. The significance of discrepancies between the patient and caretaker responses was tested with Wilcoxon's matched pairs/signed ranks test. None of the 19 scale items exhibited a significantZstatistic. It was concluded that the primary caretakers of PWAs can serve as informed proxies and provide accurate information on the patients' healthcare need

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00132.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCigarette smoking among women continues to be a major health risk to the smoker and to those around her. Programs aimed at stopping and maintaining smoking cessation have had very limited success due in part to the failure to individualize smoking cessation programs based on specific characteristics of the smoker. This study presents reliability and validity of a 14‐item questionnaire developed to determine the readiness of women from three ethnic groups (non‐Hispanic white, black American, and Hispanic American) to stop smoking. The Smoking and Women Questionnaire (SWQ) consists of items representative of core elements conceptualized in the Smoking/Ex‐smoking Model for Women. The core factors are: beliefs/attitudes toward smoking, sociability, stress, coping, self‐efficacy, motivation, nicotine dependence, and support. The SWQ was completed by both smoking and nonsmoking non‐Hispanic white (N= 233), smoking and nonsmoking black American (N= 70), and smoking and nonsmoking Hispanic American (N= 73) women. The test‐retest correlation coefficient over a one‐ to three‐week period (N= 53) was .84. Cronbach alphas for whites, blacks, Hispanics, and combined groups were .81, .85, .84, and .83, respectively. Content validity was shown by experts who agreed that the core elements were represented in the SWQ. Construct validity was shown for ethnic groups separately and combined in that smokers had significantly lower SWQ scores than non‐smokers. Items representative of the core elements were rated by smokers in a similar manner irrespective of ethnicity, suggesting similar attitudes and behaviors toward smoking. Further research is needed to determine if the SWQ can predict readiness of women to stop smoking and serve as a basis for developing individualized smoking cessation programs. Implications for smoking cessation prog

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00133.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purposes of this correlational study were to examine the relationships of three dimensions of sleep quality (sleep disturbance, sleep effectiveness, and sleep supplementation) and sleep quantity (the amount of sleep obtained per day) to perceived health status in early, middle, and late adolescents. The samples consisted of 106 early adolescents (aged 12 to 14), 111 middle adolescents (aged 15 to 17), and 113 late adolescents (aged 18 to 21). In classroom settings, all subjects completed the VSH Sleep Scale, which measures sleep disturbance, sleep effectiveness, and sleep supplementation (the amount of sleep per day was calculated from two items on the scale); the General Health Rating Index, which measures perceived health status; and a demographic data sheet. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients between the sleep variables and perceived health status were not statistically significant for early and late adolescents. For middle adolescents, however, the correlations between sleep disturbance and perceived health status, between sleep effectiveness and perceived health status, and between amount of sleep per day and perceived health status were statistically significant, but the correlation between sleep supplementation and perceived health status was not. A post hoc regression analysis indicated that the sleep variables explained a small, but statistically significant, amount of variance in perceived health status for middle adolescents. Findings are discussed in light of theories guiding the study, and implications for nursing practice are addressed.

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00134.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze the discussion of participants from three Kansas town meetings on health care reform. Yankelovich's process of “coming to public judgment” was used to guide the research. In this study participants were in the process of the first two stages of public judgment: consciousness‐raising and working through. Health care reform was described in six themes: access, bureaucracy, distribution, expectations, futility, and prevention. Health care needs and reform were described within the context of personal meaning for those attending the town mee

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00135.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY