ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00001.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study assessed the health concerns and needs for health education in the Afghan refugee and immigrant community of the San Francisco Bay Area. The study used a telephone survey, seven community meetings and a survey administered to 196 Afghan families through face‐to‐face interviews. Data were analyzed qualitatively and statistically. Health problems of most concern are mental health problems and stress related to past refugee trauma and loss, current occupational and economic problems, and culture conflict. Physical health problems include heart disease, diabetes and dental problems. Needed health education topics include dealing with stress, heart health, nutrition, raising children in the United States (particularly adolescents), aging in the United States, and diabetes. Using coalition building and involving Afghans in their community assessment, we found that the Afghan community is eager for culture‐ and language‐appropriate health education programs through videos, television, lectures, and written materials. Brief health education talks in community meetings and a health fair revealed enthusiasm and willingness to consider health promotion and disease‐prevention

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00002.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdvanced practice of community health nursing is enhanced if the nurse is able to identify, create, and use databases to support nursing assessments of communities and to manage and evaluate community health programs. The College of Nursing, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, has revised its curriculum for community health nursing graduate students to include a strong focus on nursing informatics. This paper summarizes the integration of theoretical content and practice exercises into a pre‐course workshop and four‐course sequence. A focal point of this effort has been the “Healthy People 2000 Nursing Informatics Project,” in which students develop an automated community‐assessment tool and database related to the Year 2000 objectives. The use of this database and related national, state, and local databases to document community needs is emphasized. Students also evaluate nursing information systems and use information technologies to design and evaluate community health grant proposals. Curriculum development, evaluation, and modification are detailed in relation to student learning needs, faculty preparation, and equipment and consultation req

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00003.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPromoting the health of communities has been the rallying cry (now renewed) from the nation's top public health officials. Public health nurses have always stressed community health promotion, not only in their work but also in the educating of future public health nurses. Facilitating the shift from focusing primarily upon secondary and tertiary prevention, individual, and disease‐oriented processes is a constant challenge, given the current health care and reimbursement systems. The objectives of this paper are: to give a brief historical review of the nation's health objectives, other recent pertinent documents, and early public health nursing's emphases regarding community health promotion; to give a selected overview of recent community health promotion programs implemented by community and public health nurses in nursing education and practice; and to focus on present challenges to nursing in implementing community health promotio

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00004.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined the accuracy and costs of determining whether rural, low‐income Medicaid recipients did or did not have a phone, and of obtaining phone numbers for those who did. For a random sample of 209 families, we compared phone information obtained from phone books and directory assistance with information obtained from department of social services (DSS) records. DSS records identified 51% of the sample as having phones, compared with 19%‐25% for phone books and directory assistance. For identifying families as having no home phone or a phone with a number that matched the one in the DSS record, phone books or directory assistance corresponded with DSS records in 52%‐57% of the sample. Using phone books or directory assistance was up to 3.2 times more costly than using DSS records. The study highlighted the need to establish policies to promote the exchange of information between social services and public health agencies and resear

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00005.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study was designed as a multi‐site field experiment to test the efficacy of hospital and home visit interventions to improve interaction between mothers and preterm infants. Hospital intervention consisted of State Modulation (SM) treatment, which focused on teaching mothers to read the behavioral cues and modulate the states of consciousness of preterm infants during feedings. Home visit intervention was a field‐tested program, Nursing Systems for Effective Parenting‐Preterm (NSTEPP), implemented during the first five months after the infant's hospital discharge. A hospital program on car seats (CS) and standard public health nursing home visits (PHN) served as comparison treatments. The sample consisted of 327 mothers and their preterm infants who were less than 36 weeks of gestational age at hospital discharge. Mothers were randomly assigned to intervention groups on the basis of their education. High education (HE) was ≤ 13 years of education, while low education (LE) was ≥ 12 years of education. HE mothers were only assigned to hospital programs, while LE mothers were assigned to combinations of hospital and home visit programs. Evaluations were conducted at 40 weeks conceptual age (expected date of birth), at 46 weeks conceptual age (1.5‐months‐corrected age), and 60 weeks conceptual age (5‐months‐corrected age).Comparisons were made within each educational group. For HE groups, SM infants gave significantly more clear cues during observations of feeding interactions at 1.5‐months‐corrected age and teaching interactions at 5‐months‐corrected age than infants in the CS group. During the teaching interaction, well‐educated SM mothers provided significantly more social‐emotional and cognitive stimulation than CS mothers. For LE groups, infants in the SM group combined with either PHN or NSTEP‐P exhibited significantly more responsive behavior during feeding observations than those infants in the CS/PHN group at 1.5‐months‐corrected age. LE mothers in the SM/NSTEP‐P group demonstrated more sensitivity and more stimulation during teaching interactions at 5‐months‐corrected age than mothers in the SM/PHN or CS/PHN groups. Findings suggest that State Modulation treatment is effective in influencing positive social interaction of infants regardless of the level of maternal education. State modulation treatment combined with NSTEP‐P is most effective in improving the social interaction between preterm infants and mothers with limit

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00006.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) increased 34.1% among children 5 to 14 years old and 36.1% among those 0 to 4 years old in 1992 (American Academy of Pediatrics, 1994). In light of this resurgence, a care plan for children with TB has been developed. Health care workers, especially community health nurses, must be knowledgeable about the transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease. Armed with this knowledge, an effective teaching program for nurses must be initiated to interrupt the spread of tuberculosis. The purpose of this paper is to present information regarding the spread of tuberculosis in children, current treatment regimens, a care plan specifically for children, and a description of the nurse's role in the care of the pediatric client with this disease.

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00007.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined cardiac risk factors in school‐age children. Specific risk factors focused on were smoking, hypertension, elevated blood cholesterol, obesity, physical inactivity, and nutritional imbalances. All consenting students in grades one through five participated. Components of the study included screenings and a questionnaire. Children (N= 357) were screened for height/weight, resting pulse, blood pressure, cholesterol, skin‐fold thickness, and fitness. The questionnaire included an assessment of family diseases and family health practices. Results showed no significant relationships between cholesterol and family history of hypercholesterolemia or coronary heart disease, cholesterol and overweight, cholesterol and amount of time students exercised and the amount of time student's mothers exercised (r= ‐0.25,p= .0028), cholesterol elevation and exercise (r= ‐0.25,p‐value = 0.007), and exercise and the frequency of eating out in a restaurant (r= ‐0.18,p‐

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00008.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHome visiting is a frequently used nursing intervention for families at risk. Yet, research on the nature of home visiting is lacking. Little empirical research has been conducted to corroborate or refine the definition of home visiting and phases of the home‐visiting process. The “Hybrid Model of Concept Development” by Schwartz‐Barcott and Kim (1986) was used to identify the nature of home visiting. The Hybrid Model combines theoretical analysis with empirical observation. The first phase includes theoretical analysis, continuing into the second phase, consisting of fieldwork. In the final analytical phase, theoretical findings are compared with the fieldwork findings. The completed review of historical and current literature and a definition of home visiting were presented earlier (Byrd, 1995). The findings of the fieldwork and final analytic phases are presented here. Two contexts of home visiting, “voluntary” and “required,” emerged as distinctive. In the voluntary context, entry was relatively easily accomplished, interaction was clientcontrolled, and the tone was informal and friendly. In contrast, in the required context, entry was difficult, interaction was nurse‐controlled, and the tone was formal, polite, and investigatory. Themes of resistance and distorted nurse‐client communication emerged in this type of visit. Client characteristics and properties of the referral were contextual factors, influencing the process. The concept's initial definition was corroborated, and the model was expanded based on this empirical observation of maternal‐child p

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00009.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA grounded theory study explored the ways nurses and others in nurse‐managed shelter clinics facilitate health care for homeless persons. Analysis of in‐depth interview and participant observation data yielded a core category, “staying connected,” that represents the essence of what the staff do to facilitate care for homeless persons. The three most important aspects of “staying connected” are the links that nurses establish with the homeless patient, the connections nurses establish in the form of networks with other providers, and facilitation of the homeless person's connections with the health care system. The nurses' descriptions of “staying connected” demonstrate the barriers to facilitating health care and the breakdowns that occur while trying to facilitate care for homeless persons. The barriers include lack of health insurance, insensitivity of health care providers towards homeless persons, stigmatization, cultural barriers, and communication breakdowns. Homeless persons are socially, economically, and politically vulnerable in the American health care system. Nurses have a powerful influence, both macro‐ and micro‐socially, in facilitation of care

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00010.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY