摘要:

Differential coupling of sensory discriminations to the physical stimuli is here established by showing that the contrary supposition, direct coupling, leads to empirical predictions which are at variance with well‐established experimental findings.Certain plausible assumptions about the initial stages of sensory processing suggest that the distributions to be combined in a statistical model for sensory discrimination should be stable; these assumptions are first set out together with the experimental evidence which gives them plausibility. The notion of direct coupling to the physical stimuli suggests, in addition, that the stable distributions should be unidimensional. A survey of stable decision models shows that, to accommodate Weber's Law, the distributions must be either Cauchy distributions or strictly stable. The unidimensional Cauchy model is shown to be incompatible with the typical shape of the psychometric function for a discrimination between two separate stimuli; and unidimensional, strictly stable, decision models are shown to have inadequate resolving power in relation to the discriminative sensitivity of human subjects. The suggestion that the decision variables should be unidimensional is thereby shown to be untenable.Sensory discriminations can be satisfactorily represented by a strictly stable model with an unspecified, possibly large, number of independent components, and an example (the normal model) is given to show what such a model might look like. Estimates are given with respect to this model of the numbers of independent components required to support the accuracy of discrimination typically achieved with different stimulus attribute

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1982.tb00648.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A model of paired‐associate learning is produced, based on stimulus sampling theory. The model provides an excellent fit for data from both a two‐alternative and a three‐alternative experiment, and resolves several problems that beset Markov models of the pr

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1982.tb00649.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A general Markov model for the order of recall of words in free recall experiments is described. This model is an extension to Cowan's (1966) original model. A restricted version of the general model which uses only categorical information is fitted to data and various hypotheses about the model parameters are tested. Finally modifications to the model are discussed.

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1982.tb00650.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Usually in examinations an overall assessment of a candidate's performance is made by means of a weighted sum of the marks attained on the various components. However, recently it has been suggested that the combination should be based on the candidate's rankings on the components alone, and not on the actual marks. This paper discusses whether such an approach can lead to a fair and consistent system of assessment.

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1982.tb00651.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cacoullos&Sobel (1966) proposed a closed sequential procedure for identifying the cell probability in a multinomial distribution that has the largest value. They showed,inter alia, that their sequential procedure has certain advantages over the fixed sample size procedure of Bechhoferet al.(1959). This paper extends this procedure in two directions. First, moments of the probability function are written in terms of the tail probability of a negative multinomial distribution. This makes it a relatively simple matter to determine the moments in certain important special cases. Second, an exact test for equiprobable cells is proposed, and certain properties of the test are established. In particular, the test is shown to be unbiased in the sense of majorization.

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1982.tb00652.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The general asymptotic distribution of elements of a correlation matrix is derived. Applications of the result in robust correlational testing are discussed and illustrated with a numerical example.

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1982.tb00653.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Various measures of correlation between two quantitiesxandyare discussed, and it is shown that the phi coefficient is a logically unacceptable measure except perhaps when bothxandyare purely qualitative two‐valued attributes.For biserial data, a new measure of correlation is proposed which is free from the shortcomings of the biserial coefficient and the point biserial coefficien

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1982.tb00654.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A Monte Carlo study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of four different small sample procedures for testing the hypothesis that two variables measure the same trait except for errors of measurement. The results indicated that Forsyth&Feldt's modification of McNemar's test statistic provides the best control of Type I errors when the reliabilities are equal. Kristof's (1973) technique provides a conservative test of the hypothesis but the best control of Type I errors when the reliabilities are not equal. The power values associated with Forsyth ‘&Feldt's statistic were higher than those of Kristof's technique, regardless of test reliability and sample siz

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1982.tb00655.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Handbook of Applicable Mathematics.Chief EditorWalter Lederman.Interpreting Multivariate Data: Proceedings of the Conference entitled ‘Looking at Multivariate Data’ held in Sheffield, UK, March 1980.Edited byVic Barnett.Finite Mixture Distributions.ByB. S. Everitt&D. J. Hand.Discrimination and Classification.ByD. J. Hand.Classification: Methods for the Exploratory Analysis of Multivariate Data.ByA. D. Gordon.Mathematical Psychology and Psychophysiology. Proceedings of the SIAM‐AMS Symposium in Philadelphia, 15 16 April 1980.Edited byStephen Grossberg.Mete‐Analysis in Social Research.ByGene V. Glass, Barry McGaw&Mary Lee Smith.Direct Perception.ByClaire F. Michaels&Claudia

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1982.tb00656.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1982.tb00657.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY