摘要:

Stuttered speech may be reduced to a sequence of stuttered and non‐stuttered words, and is then readily amenable to statistical analysis. We attempt to state versions of the anxiety, feedback, and conflict theories of stuttering as mathematical models which may be tested against the structure of sequences of stuttered and non‐stuttered words. In this way we hope to produce a means of deciding between the many theories of stuttering. Data from a single subject are used to illustrate the met

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1976.tb00710.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Seven models relating similarity in pairs of two‐dimensional stimuli are stated; three derive from distance measures and four from so‐called content models. The metatheoretical status of assumptions underlying the various models is outlined. Two experiments, one using Dot pattern stimuli and the other Brick Wall patterns, on 54 and 50 subjects respectively, were chosen for their relation to previously published work and analysed using all of the seven models. A normed distance model, which can be equivalently expressed as a content model but not as a Minkowski distance model, was found to be marginally superior to alternatives. Under some conditions the predictions of the alternative models are practically indistinguishable, but a Euclidean distance model is inferior in this context. Implications for scaling and modelling are no

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1976.tb00711.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A simple learning model is developed for signal detection tasks. The model replaces the cut‐off decision rule of signal detection theory by a probabilistic rule. The ROC curves predicted are indistinguishable from those predicted by signal detection theory. The model has the added advantage however of describing well ‘non‐optimal’ behaviour and predicts probability matching under some circum

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1976.tb00712.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Regression component decompositions (RCD) are defined as a special class of component decompositions where the pattern contains the regression weights for predicting the observed variables from the latent variables. Compared to factor analysis, RCD has a broader range of applicability, greater ease and simplicity of computation, and a more logical and straightforward theory. The usual distinction between factor analysis as a falsifiable model, and component analysis as a tautology, is shown to be misleading, since a special case of regression component decomposition can be defined which is not only falsifiable, but empirically indistinguishable from the factor model.

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1976.tb00713.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The quadratic assignment paradigm developed in operations research is discussed as a general approach to data analysis tasks characterized by the use of proximity matrices. Data analysis problems are first classified as being either static or non‐static. The term ‘static’ implies the evaluation of a detailed substantive hypothesis that is posited without the aid of the actual data. Alternatively, the term ‘non‐static’ suggests a search for a particular type of relational structure within the obtained proximity matrix and without the statement of a specific conjecture beforehand. Although the static class of problems is directly related to several inference procedures commonly used in classical statistics, the major emphasis in this paper is on applying a general computational heuristic to attack the non‐static problem and in using the quadratic assignment orientation to discuss a variety of research tactics of importance in the behavioral sciences and, particularly, in psychology. An extensive set of numerical examples is given illustrating the application of the search procedure to hierarchical clustering, the identification of homogeneous object subsets, linear and circular seriation, and a discrete version of multidimens

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1976.tb00714.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The linear programming solution of the maximum likelihood ranking from paired comparisons problem, due to DeCani (1969), is considered. It is noted that Boolean methods exist for the solution of linear programmes in binary variables. The pseudo‐Boolean programming method of Hammer&Rudeanu (1968) is applied to DeCani's formulation and also to the problem of finding Slater'si.It is suggested that the algorithm is usually efficient fork‐replicated paired comparisons data but not for the single replicate experim

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1976.tb00715.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A proof is offered of Green&Jackson's (1976) conjecture concerning the maximum value that their measure of hark‐back for search patterns can attain. Some of the properties of the measure are discusse

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1976.tb00716.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Monte Carlo determined factor structures are used to derive the basic random level of fit when restricted maximum likelihood factor analysis is used to evaluate the fit of a particular hypothetical model. The performance of the hypothesized model is then assessed in relation to the maximal fit obtainable and the basic random level of fit.

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1976.tb00717.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Methods are proposed for making all possible pairwise contrasts among the parameters ofkindependent binomial populations based upon information obtained by the randomized response technique. In addition, the results of a small Monte Carlo study are presented in support of the methods presently being proposed.

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1976.tb00718.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using Johnson's (1975) sharp upper bound on the variance of the Wilcoxon‐Mann‐WhitneyU‐statistic for the case of continuous symmetric distributions and shift alternatives, an upper bound depending only on the sample sizes is obtained for this case. The new bound is smaller than the corresponding bound given by van Dantzig (1951) for a more general model. The decrease is smallest for equal sample sizes, in which case it ranges from 16 to 29 percent as the sample sizes inc

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1976.tb00719.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY